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The book is supplemented with up-to-date technical data and statistics on major expansions now under way or being planned in many countries, particularly the USA and the Arab states, some of the latter having a broadcasting capacity that dwarfs most western countries. The appeal of the book is by no means restricted to scientists and engineers and many will find much to stir their memories of international radio broadcasts in wartime and peacetime alike.
Dominick, While some Western stations might have hinted that help was on the way, the BBC was more blunt: the West would give only moral, not military, support. In that, China can transmit the impression that the Chinese would be the next big global players and boost its prestige in the region. Digital Broadcasting. Not registered?
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Mark Robichaux. Television's Strangest Moments. Quentin Falk.
A Reporter's Life, A. Walter Cronkite. Travels With My Radio. Fi Glover. Digital Broadcasting. Jo Pierson. In the fall and winter, VOA reported the historic changes that were sweeping Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union-changes that some have ascribed, at least in part to the Voice and other western international broadcasters. And with the arrival of the s, VOA Russian covered the attempted August coup against then Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev and the dissolution of the Soviet Union at the end of the same year.
Following the formation of the Commonwealth of Independent States C. All of these newly formed governments have been trying, with varying degrees of success, to embrace democracy and its underlying principles.
History[edit]. International broadcasting, in a limited extent, began during World War I, when German and British stations broadcast press. The first volume of History of International Broadcasting () traced the history of radio broadcasting, chiefly on the short waves, from its earliest origins to its.
VOA responded with programming designed to explain how democracy works in the West and how market economies function. While there was a great need to maintain VOA broadcasts to the C. Kurdish-language broadcasts to listeners in Iraq and Iran went on the air on April 25, Somali broadcasts started on December 27, , but were discontinued shortly after the withdrawal of all U.
In response to the breakup of the former Yugoslavia into several republics in , VOA divided its Yugoslav Service into two separate language services—Croatian and Serbian—on February 21, A Bosnian Service was added in and a Macedonian Service in On October 1, , Radio FM began to carry VOA Croatian, making it the first station in Zagreb to include programming from an international broadcaster in its schedule.
That same year, VOA Serbian increased its daily broadcasts to two and a half hours when it added a minute, medium wave broadcast. VOA later increased the Bosnian-language program to 30 minutes and launched the direct broadcasts in Bosnian late the same year. When the Milosevic government in Belgrade banned broadcasts of Radio B and other independent local radio stations on December 3, , VOA included reports on its newscasts from stringers in Belgrade, many of whom also worked for Radio B Realizing that it could not stifle the flow of information, the Milosevic government allowed Radio B to resume broadcasts two days later on December 5.
Serbian local time newscast.
The program is relayed by Serbian independent TV stations with a potential viewership of four million. On July 15, , the Voice of America added broadcasts in Tigrigna and Oromiffa—its 49th and 50th languages—for listeners in Ethiopia and Eritrea.
Tigrigna is one of the working languages of the independent nation of Eritrea, and Oromiffa is spoken by the largest ethnic group in Ethiopia. The two languages joined VOA Amharic, which has been on the air since VOA, which was already broadcasting in English, French, and Swahili to the region, increased its audience. With funding from the U. The following November they expanded the show to seven days a week and one month later increased their Saturday and Sunday programs to one hour.
VOA language broadcasts to both regions offered listeners a means through which they could be reunited with friends and family separated by war and personal hardship. When citizens in Tirana and other Albanian cities protested the proliferation of illegal financial schemes in February , VOA Albanian broadcasts were a prime source of news for the people of that country.
By March , the crisis had deteriorated into civil conflict, and the Albanian government cut off VOA Albanian program feeds to local affiliate stations in Tirana, Elbasan, Gjirokaster, Shkoder, and Kukes for a short time. VOA expanded its broadcast hours both on shortwave and medium wave at the height of the crisis to provide the maximum news possible to the people of Albania. Affiliated stations and listeners and viewers using small satellite dishes are able to receive stereo radio and television programming.
Starting in , all U. Government international broadcasting services began to work more closely together. That year the U.
Today, more than 1, radio and TV stations receive programming through the Office of Affiliate Relations. The Office of Business Development was established in to work with the private sector on a wide range of ventures, including the possible privatization of VOA language services, procurment of corporate underwriting for broadcasts, co-productions with major broadcast networks and fundraising from various foundations. Government international broadcasting was consolidated even further when President Clinton signed the International Broadcasting Act Public Law on April 30, The first Broadcasting Board of Governors was sworn in on August 11, RFA was established under the legislation.
The legislation also abolished the U. Information Agency, whose functions were merged into the U. State Department. Although historically an international radio broadcaster, VOA began to simulcast programs on radio and TV in the mids. The first program telecast from Studio 47 on October 18, was a Farsi simulcast. In , the Voice of America became the first international broadcaster to offer its material through the Internet. Initially, the site offered information through two simple text-based formats, and in , VOA added a Web Page.
Government broadcast services. The site also contains audio files for all 53 VOA language services. VOA will continue to examine new technologies and refine its programming to reflect the needs of its listeners. One goal remains, however, for the hundreds of professionals who make up the Voice of America-to deliver comprehensive, timely truthful information. The VOA will continue to broadcast the sounds of freedom and serve as a beacon of hope for its millions of listeners around the world.
Foreign Information Service, which later became the overseas branch of the Office of War Information. Today, VOA broadcasts in 53 languages to listeners in every world region. Other language programs are produced for transmission via satellite to foreign stations. Ayish, Muhammad I. Borra Rajan. Browne, Donald R. Chancellor John. Coffey, Fred A. Elliott, Kim A. Grey, Robin pseud. Handlery, G.