Contributions to the Cultural History of Early Tibet

Scribes, Texts, and Rituals in Early Tibet and Dunhuang

---

Free download. Book file PDF easily for everyone and every device. You can download and read online Contributions to the Cultural History of Early Tibet file PDF Book only if you are registered here. And also you can download or read online all Book PDF file that related with Contributions to the Cultural History of Early Tibet book. Happy reading Contributions to the Cultural History of Early Tibet Bookeveryone. Download file Free Book PDF Contributions to the Cultural History of Early Tibet at Complete PDF Library. This Book have some digital formats such us :paperbook, ebook, kindle, epub, fb2 and another formats. Here is The CompletePDF Book Library. It's free to register here to get Book file PDF Contributions to the Cultural History of Early Tibet Pocket Guide.

Please confirm your email address by clicking the link in the email received from us. Please wait until the countdown has finished before clicking the resend button. Just fill in your email and we will help you reset your password.

The term Tubo commonly refers to the Tibetan Empire from to A. Jointly organized by the Dunhuang Academy and the Pritzker Art Collaborative, the exhibition is comprised to a large extent of Silk Road artifacts from the collection of Margot and Thomas J. Courtesy of Dunhuang Academy.

Support Our Project

The exhibit offers a fresh perspective of early Tibetan culture. Pritzker, who studied the early textual history and historiography of Tibet for his Ph. Tubo had close relations with the Sogdians and Sasanians in present-day Iran, as well as the Turks in the Arabian Peninsula and the Tang dynasty in eastern China. The silk brocades incorporating pearls, for example, were made by the Sogdians and worn by Tibetan ministers, while their patterns and panels were influenced by Sasanian Zoroastrianism.

Contributions to the Cultural History of Early Tibet

Silk brocades with large, circular panels and pearls in the upper-left corner of one are displayed at the Dunhuang Academy exhibition center in Dunhuang, Gansu province, July The Tibetan dialects are subject to the Tibetic languages which are part of the Tibeto-Burman languages. The official language of Bhutan, Dzongkha , is also closely related to Tibetan. Tibetan art is deeply religious in nature, a form of religious art. It spreads over a wide range of paintings, frescos, statues, ritual objects, coins, ornaments and furniture.

Contributions to the Cultural History of Early Tibet

It emphasized the role of bodhisattvas , compassionate beings who forgo their personal escape to nirvana in order to assist others. From an early time various bodhisattvas were also subjects of statuary art. Tibetan Buddhism, as an offspring of Mahayana Buddhism, inherited this tradition. The Dalai Lama is believed to be his reincarnation.

Most of the typical Tibetan Buddhist art can be seen as part of the practice of tantra. A surprising aspect of Tantric Buddhism is the common representation of fierce deities , often depicted with angry faces, circles of flame, or with the skulls of the dead. These images represent Dharmapalas "Protectors"; their fearsome bearing belies their true compassionate nature. Their wrath represents their dedication to the protection of the dharma as well as to the protection of the specific tantric practices to prevent corruption or disruption of the practice.

In Tibetan temples, known as lhakhang , statues of Gautama Buddha or Padmasambhava are often paired with statues of the tutelary deity of the district who often appears angry or dark. These gods once inflicted harm and sickness on the local citizens but after the arrival of Padmasambhava , these negative forces have been subdued and now must serve Buddhism.

Tibetan rug making is an ancient art and craft in the tradition of Tibetan people. These rugs are primarily made from Tibetan highland sheep 's virgin wool. The Tibetan uses rugs for almost any domestic use from flooring to wall hanging to horse saddles. Traditionally the best rugs are from Gyantse , a city which is known for its rugs. The process of making Tibetan rugs is unique in the sense that almost everything is done by hand.

But with the introduction of modern technology, a few aspects of the rug making processes have been taken over by machine primarily because of cost, the disappearance of knowledge etc. Moreover, some new finishing touches are also made possible by machine. Tibetan rugs are big business in not only Tibet, but also Nepal, where Tibetan immigrants brought with them their knowledge of rug making. Currently in Nepal the rug business is one of the largest industries in the country and there are many rug exporters.

Thangkas , a syncrestistic art of Chinese hanging scrolls with Nepalese and Kashmiri painting, first survive from the eleventh century.

Rectangular and intricately painted on cotton or linen, they are usually traditional compositions depicting deities, famous monks, and other religious, astrological, and theological subjects, and sometimes mandalas. To ensure that the image will not fade, the painting is framed in colorful silk brocades, and stored rolled up. The word thangka means "something to roll" and refers to the fact that thangkas can easily be rolled up for transportation.

Besides thangkas, Tibetan Buddhist wall paintings can be found on temple walls as frescos and furniture and many other items have ornamental painting. Young monks woodblock printing , Sera Monastery , Tibet. There is a rich ancient tradition of lay Tibetan literature which includes epics, poetry, short stories, dance scripts and mime, plays and so on which has expanded into a huge body of work - some of which has been translated into Western languages.

Tibetan literature has a historical span of over years. Tibetan architecture contains Chinese and Indian influences, and reflects a deeply Buddhist approach. The prayer wheel , along with two deer or dragons, can be seen on nearly every gompa in Tibet. The most unusual feature of Tibetan architecture is that many of the houses and monasteries are built on elevated, sunny sites facing the south, and are often made of a mixture of rocks, wood, cement and earth.

Little fuel is available for heat or lighting, so flat roofs are built to conserve heat, and multiple windows are constructed to let in sunlight. Walls are usually sloped inwards at 10 degrees as a precaution against frequent earthquakes in the mountainous area. Standing at meters in height and meters in width, the Potala Palace , designated as a World Heritage site in and extended to include the Norbulingka area in , is considered a most important example of Tibetan architecture.

It is divided into the outer White Palace, which serves as the administrative quarters, and the inner Red Quarters, which houses the assembly hall of the Lamas, chapels, 10, shrines and a vast library of Buddhist scriptures. Traditional Kham architecture is seen in most dwellings in Kangding.

Kham houses tend to be spacious and fit in well with their environment.

Contributions to the Cultural History of Early Tibet - Google книги

Their floors and ceilings are wooden, as houses are throughout in Kangding. Modern Kangding city is now rebuilt, eliminating the earlier fire-prone wooden architecture]. Horizontal timber beams support the roof and these in turn are supported by wooden columns. Although the area has been heavily logged, wood is imported and used abundantly for housing.

The interiors of houses are usually paneled with wood and the cabinetry is ornately decorated. Although various materials are used in the well-built houses, it is the skilful carpentry that is striking. This skill is passed down from father to son and there appear to be plenty of carpenters. However a threat to traditional Tibetan carpentry is the growing use of concrete structures.

Bestselling Series

Some consider the increased use of concrete as a deliberate infiltration of the Chinese influence into Tibet. In Gaba Township , where there are few Han Chinese , almost all the structures are traditional. The events that took place in Tibet in the twentieth century exacted a heavy toll on Tibetan monastic architecture. Under the 13th Dalai Lama , the Tengyeling monastery was demolished in for seeking to come to terms with the Chinese.

It is important to see that Sera monastery was by no means destroyed but only looted partially. The major destruction happened during the Cultural Revolution. China's Cultural Revolution resulted in the deterioration or loss of Buddhist monasteries, both by intentional destruction and through lack of protection and maintenance. Starting in the s, Tibetans have begun to restore those monasteries that survived. This has become an international effort. Experts are teaching the Tibetans how to restore the building and save the remaining monasteries on the eastern plateau.

Monasteries such as the Kumbum Monastery continue to be affected by Chinese politics. Simbiling Monastery was completely flattened in , although it has to some degree been restored. Tashi Lhunpo Monastery shows the influence of Mongol architecture. Tradruk Temple is one of the oldest in Tibet, said to have been first built in the 7th century during the reign of Songtsen Gampo of the Tibetan Empire ? Jokhang was also originally built under Songsten Gampo. Jokhang Temple is the most splendid surviving building of the Tubo period in Tibet and also the earliest civil structural building in Tibet.

• Rotatory Knee Instability: An Evidence Based Approach
• The Warning (Sarah Roberts, Book 2)
• Galveston and the Great West (Centennial Series of the Association of Former Students, Texas a & M University)
• The Land of Assur & The Yoke of Assur: Studies on Assyria, 1971-2005
• Mao Zedong: A Political and Intellectual Portrait
• Tempest (Tempest, Book 1)