Annals of Cases on Information Technology (Cases on Information Technology Series, Vol 4, Part 1)

Annals of Cases on Information Technology

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In addition, he serves on the editorial review boards of six other international information systems journals. Visit Seller's Storefront. Shipping costs are based on books weighing 2. If your book order is heavy or oversized, we may contact you to let you know extra shipping is required. List this Seller's Books. Payment Methods accepted by seller. Bookseller: Bookmonger. The only sustainable way to get out of the current worldwide financial and ecological crisis is to promote new economic models, new production systems, and new ideas of well-being.

To define and implement these new models is, of course, very difficult. But it is not impossible. And we do not have to start from zero. In fact, over the last few decades, a multiplicity of social actors—including institutions, enterprises, nonprofit organizations, and most of all, individual citizens and their associations—have proved that they are capable of acting outside of the mainstream economic models. In so doing, they have created a large reserve of concrete experiences that could consolidate and spread to become the most convincing answers to the dramatic challenges that we must now begin to face.

This emerging scenario lies at the intersection of three main innovation streams: the green revolution and the environmentally friendly systems it makes available ; the spread of networks and the distributed, open, peer-to-peer organizations it generates ; and the diffusion of creativity and the original answers to daily problems that a variety of social actors are conceiving and implementing.

The SLOC Scenario is useful because it directs us toward sustainable solutions, indicating in particular that sustainable solutions necessarily refer to the local and the community to which this local mainly refers and to the small and the possibilities in terms of relationships, participation, and democracy that the human scale makes possible. At the same time, it tells us that to implement solutions, we have to consider these small entities and these localities in the framework of the global network society in which the local and the small are both open and connected.

This change in the nature of the small and local has enormous implications: With the new. The positive interplay between technological and social innovations could become a powerful promoter of sustainable ways of living and producing. Moreover, utilizing these networked systems is the only way to operate in the complex and fast-changing environment generated by the present crisis and by the double transition towards a knowledge-based and sustainable society. Some of them are rather diffuse. Others are still quite marginal. But all of them are practical working prototypes of new ways of living and doing.

Considered as a whole, they demonstrate that the SLOC Scenario is not a utopian dream, but a potentially viable perspective.

Process-Aware Information Systems: Lessons to Be Learned from Process Mining

The challenge, therefore, is to transform its potentiality into a mainstream reality. To do that it is necessary to better understand the complex interplay between social and technical innovation that generates the cases on which the SLOC Scenario is based. In fact, all the promising cases alluded to here emerged from a virtuous interaction between social and technical. This positive interplay between technological and social innovations could become a powerful promoter of sustainable ways of living and producing.

Technological innovation, especially in the digital realm, opens up new opportunities in terms of unprecedented forms of organizations while social innovation mobilizes diffuse social resources in terms of creativity, skills, knowledge, and entrepreneurship.

This positive double link between grassroots users and technology is particularly relevant in the transitions toward sustainability: If small and local systems are concerned, nothing can happen without widespread creative participation on the part of the people directly involved. These people are the only ones who can creatively adopt distributed and peerto-peer models and adapt them to local specificities.

PROMISING CASES At present, in every country in the world, there are promising cases of social and technical innovation, including collaborative social and residential services, bottom-up urban improvement initiatives, local and organic food networks, distributed production systems, and cases of sustainable local development. These examples, which can be seen as significant steps towards sustainability, are the result of many initiatives performed by a variety of people, associations, enterprises, and local governments.

From different starting points, these actors are moving toward similar ideas of well-being and production: an active well-being based on a sense of community and shared goods and a production system composed of networks of collaborative actors that is based on a new relationship between the local and the global. In their diversity, these cases have a fundamental common characteristic: They all refer.

Even if in quantitative terms these cases are more or less marginal, in qualitative terms they are extremely meaningful. In fact, they can be seen as viable anticipations of sustainable ways of living and producing.

Of course, these emerging features assume different meanings in different societies and places. Nevertheless, their presence in situations so remote from one another raises the possibility that they may constitute a first set of sustainable features. In other words, they can be seen as the building materials for developing sustainable alternatives to the unsustainable ideas of well-being, production, and economy that dominate today.

These qualities pertain to physical and social environments with the rediscovery of commons; to relationships with the rediscovery of communities; to being active with the rediscovery of individual and social capabilities; to time with the rediscovery of slowness. All these new qualities are based on traditional qualities reinterpreted in the present context. To be appreciated, all of them require a human scale, that is, they require small comprehensible, manageable systems.

At the same time, given the present high level of connectivity, these small systems can be and have to be to the interactions with wider flows of people and ideas that characterize contemporary global society.

For this complex relation between being small and being open we reserve the expression cosmopolitan localism. Looking at these promising cases in terms of production, what appears is a new relationship between the local and the global in which local-butconnected systems of production and consumption are emerging. This general feature can take different forms, including the sustainable valorization of local resources from natural environments and agriculture to craftsmanship and local knowledge ; the realization of symbiotic production processes. What unites these diverse phenomena is that each exemplifies a connected local, where knowledge, money, and decision-making power can circulate in worldwide networks, but where most of these resources remain in the hands of those who produce them.

These four words are meaningful because they are visionary when considered as a whole they generate a vision of how society could be , comprehensible when considered one by one their meanings and implications can be easily understood by everybody and viable because they are supported by major drivers of change the emerging complex relationships between globalization and localization, the power of the Internet, and the diffusion of new forms of organization that the Internet makes possible.

These four words are also important because, in synthesising the results of 20 years of discussions and concrete experiences, they clearly indicate that there is no hope for designing sustainable solutions without starting from the notions of local and of the community to which this local mainly refers. This point is crucial and requires further development.

Schumacher wrote his very famous book Small Is Beautiful. At that time, because the degree of connectivity was relatively low, the small really was small and the local really was local i. In the globalized network society, the local and the small are at once open and connected. Today, it is no longer like that: With a much higher degree of connectivity, when the small can be a node within various networks and the local can be open to global flows of people and information, the small is no longer small and a local is no longer local, at least not in traditional terms.

This change in the nature of the small has enormous implications, for better and for worse. Al-Qaeda, for instance, is a bad implication. It is, in fact, a constellation of small groups of terrorists that, by virtue of being connected, became as powerful as a big army. On the other hand, a potentially good implication, and the most interesting one for us here, is that networks make it possible to operate on a local and small scale in a very effective way.

Indeed, the development of flexible networking systems indicates the one and only possibility for operating in the complex and fast-changing environment generated by the double transition towards a knowledge- and sustainability-based society. In recent decades, there have been long and important debates on the emerging world of flows and, therefore, on the end of places and localities. But these observations do not entirely capture the complexity of the new reality.

In fact, by looking into this complexity, we see that a growing number of people are actively searching for places—that is, for specific local traditions and new forms of localities. In so doing, they establish an articulated and often contradictory relationship with the global. Thus, for example, we see the emerging phenomenon. This phenomenon also has two sides.

The positive side is the local as a generator of original possibilities and cultures to be cultivated locally and exchanged globally—a cosmopolitan localism. They can feed the social conversation i. They can also collaborate with diffuse social innovators to help them conceive and manage their initiatives and with technologists, entrepreneurs, and policy makers to develop products, services, and infrastructures to make the most promising initiatives accessible and replicable, thereby opening new markets and economic opportunities.

These design activities, considered as a whole, can be termed design for social innovation and sustainability. Design for social innovation and sustainability is of great potential significance, but it is still in its initial stage. All the topics discussed here need different kinds of research to be developed. Small: This word invites us to rethink the issue of scale in a nonlinear manner. Modern capitalism has both cellular and vertebrate qualities.

Cellularity, which is characterized by loose coordination, noncentralized reproduction, asymmetrical communication, and opportunistic collaboration, can be dangerous as in the case of transnational terrorism or highly progressive as with many movements of grassroots globalization. This sort of cellularity relies on global information networks, high degrees of political and material porosity, and highly diverse and accelerated processes of flow.

Annals of Case Reports and Images (ACRI)

Thus smallness is moved out of the discourse of scale into the discourse of manageability through. Constraints like global warming cannot be treated as absolute parameters for design, but must be subordinated to the question of sustainable sociality when the interests of the two are not, by good fortune, coincident. I myself have stressed in my earlier work that locality is always produced against the corrosion of context and is thus not an inert or default state.

Today, I would say that all locality is designed.

If this is so, then sustainable design is a strategy of Arjun Appadurai, Fear of identifying the dynam- 1. Open: The idea of openness is also interesting, since global flows sometimes produce closure and sometimes produce openness. We need to understand how to design social systems, especially in dense localities, that increase the possibility that connectivity will produce openness.

This is a serious and unresolved problem for all socially oriented design, especially of the built environment. In other words, we may also wish to recognize the potential aporia between openness and connectivity with regard to the design of sustainable sociality. Sustainability: Rather than emphasize the material, logistical, and economic implications of sustainability, which we all tend to do, I think we should instead begin with the question of how to design sustainable socialities.

Put in other words, how do we design convivial social environments in a world where connectivity does not always lead to openness in the sense of tolerance of diversity? Focusing on the idea of sustainable socialities forces us back to the human requirement for stability and closure as counterbalances to volatility and flux.

Annals Of Cases On Information Technology (Cases On Information Technology Series, Vol 4, Part 1)

Here I suggest that we return to the question of smallness. We should perhaps not think of smallness as a matter of scale, but as a matter of some other dimensions of sustainable sociality such as knowledge, risk, and tolerance.

Account Options

These latter criteria may suggest designs for living both physical and social that put social thresholds above ecological thresholds in terms of ideas like carrying capacity. This is a controversial proposition since it implies that constraints like global warming cannot be treated as absolute parameters for design, but must be subordinated to the question of sustainable sociality when the interests of the two are not, by good fortune, coincident. It is a light, nonprofit organization, conceived as a network of partners collaborating in a peer-to-peer spirit.

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