Facelets Essentials: Guide to JavaServer Faces View Definition Framework
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The name attribute of the ui:define tag must match the one of the ui:insert tag in the template. For the index. In the navigation area, the ui:include tag allows us to include the content from another document, in our case, menu. The Navigation Menu As in the home page, we include a menu in the page. The menu is defined in Listing This page uses just a few link elements h:commandLink with action attributes defined to trigger the navigation in our application. We have defined these rules in the faces-contig. The Bird Pages The other two pages parrot. They are almost identical to the index page, in the sense that they use the template and specify which content to show in the main and navigation parts.
Element conversion
Facelets Essentials 17 Listing This and everything after will be ignored This time, we put a description of the parrot in the main area by using the ui:define tag and matching its name with the one in the ui:insert tag of the template. The navigation area just includes the menu, as on the index page. Eagle Eagles are bigger than parrots.
This and everything after will be ignored Facelets Essentials 19 This page is almost identical to the parrot one, except for implementing the eagle-specific content. We could add more and more pages to describe different birds and just implement different information for each bird without having to alter the layout. Of course, this simple version of the Happy Birds Directory could also be implemented using a database and some managed beans, but we wanted to illustrate the most important capabilities of the templating in Facelets.
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To summarize, the needed steps are: 1. Include the Facelets JAR and its dependencies.
String canSpeak java. This dependency should not be an issue for most deployments, as it's astandard part of web containers and JREs. For instance, we could extend the com. We can use JSF 1. In JSF, immediate evaluation would be OK the first time a page is rendered, but on postback, that page must be evaluated in the different phases of the cycle not only in the rendering. New Paperback Quantity Available: 1.
Change the page declaration of your pages from to 3. The Unified EL allowed expressions to be evaluated in a deferred manner, versus immediately in the original EL. In JSF, immediate evaluation would be OK the first time a page is rendered, but on postback, that page must be evaluated in the different phases of the cycle not only in the rendering. JSF needs to convert the values resulting from the expressions, validate them, bind them to server-side components, use them to process events, and so on.
There are other differences between the two ELs. Also, each of the EL versions uses different syntax for its expressions.
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The following piece of code would render an unexpected response when using JSF 1. Therefore, the value of the h:inputText component will never be updated in the model. Moreover, the previous example would throw an exception when duplicate IDs are found, as JSF would try to Facelets Essentials 21 create a new h:inputText component, with the same ID, for each iteration.
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Facelets uses the new Unified EL. Inline Text With Facelets, you can insert an EL expression anywhere in the page, so the expression can appear in line with text without using a component to output the value referenced by the expression. Tag Libraries As illustrated in our sample application, Facelets needs valid XML with namespace support for compilation.
To use a tag library in our page, we must declare it by using its namespace. In the Table we summarize the namespaces for some of the most common libraries: Table In most cases, a lack of rendered output means that the namespace has been incorrectly typed in the page or the tag library has not been found. Also, you could be using a tag with a known namespace, but the tag is missing from the library. In this case, the compiler will throw an exception. Loading the Tag Libraries Facelets uses a couple of strategies to load tag libraries.
For instance, this is how the templating library is loaded from the Facelets binaries.
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This strategy is useful when creating tag libraries that are specific to your web application. They contain all the necessary information to allow you to use JSF tags in your documents the same way you would do in JSP. While the Function library is fully supported, the Core 24 Facelets Essentials tags are only partially so.
The Core tags supported by Facelets are: c:if, c:forEach, c:catch, and c:set. Their scope is limited to the current FaceletContext and no others. Hence, those variables exist only for the purpose of creating the component tree and do not work to assign variables in other scopes. The reason behind this is that the EL expressions are actually bound to the FaceletContext and not the evaluated Object. However, at the time of this writing, the MyFaces Tomahawk library and its sandbox are not included in that library.
When we want to use Tomahawk, we will need to specifically import the taglib file into our application. Creating a Tag Library If you want to use other libraries that do not have a Facelets tag library, you will need to create the tag library file yourself and register it in your web. In this XML document, you need to specify the namespace for the tags and define every tag.
For example, to illustrate how to register the tags, we can use the limited tag library implementation for Tomahawk shown in Listing Facelets Essentials 25 Listing HtmlInputCalendar org. Calendar saveState org. SaveState This library only would only be supporting the t:inputCalendar and t:saveState components.
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Of course, this implementation of the Tomahawk library would be a very limited, but you can see the MyFaces wiki pages for a more comprehensive implementation. Every Facelets taglib must contain the namespace for the tags followed by the listing of tags and functions, as you will see later. This class must implement com. TagLibrary, which is useful when you want to maintain your library from Java. Facelets Essentials 27 Tip com. AbstractTagLibrary, the abstract class inside Facelets, is a basic implementation of com. You might want to extend this class, as it already contains convenient methods to register the elements of the library.
If you are not using the library-class element, you must specify a namespace. You will use this namespace in your documents as explained in the beginning of this section. In the rest of the document, you will find the tags and functions. Remember to register the tag library in the web descriptor file web. Add the library under the parameter facelets.
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Functions In the tag libraries, you can declare functions, which are invocations of Java static methods. For example, you could have Listing in the taglib file: Listing BirdFunctions 28 Facelets Essentials java. String canSpeak java. String In this library, we have defined only one function though we can define as many as we want that calls the method with the signature String canSpeak String from the BirdFunctions class. The BirdFunctions class is shown in Listing The jsfc Attribute Like the Apache Tapestry framework, Facelets provides a way to convert an XML tag into another at compile time via the jsfc attribute.
This attribute can be used to create tags for rendering by visual tools and convert them to another tag. A typical jsfc example follows: Compiling this code will convert the input tag into an h:inputText component so we can use its JSF features. Although using jsfc is more limiting than using the JSF components, it can help to accommodate page authoring needs. Many designers are used to authoring pages using visual tools that generate HTML code; with the jsfc attribute, they can continue using these tools.
Facelets Templating and Template Clients Using templates helps you to meet some of the major goals of developing web applications. Templates allow you to reuse more code, thus reducing the development and maintenance costs of an application. Moreover, templates help to achieve a common look and feel, as all pages using a specific template will look similar. Templates can be interwoven thanks to the fact that they are compiled during the render phase.
We distinguish in Facelets between templates and template clients. The latter use the templates to create variations of the same pattern. A template defines spots where the content can be replaced. Which content is used in those spots is defined by the clients. The template defines the different areas using the ui:insert tag, and the clients use the templates with ui:component, ui:composition, ui:fragment, or ui:decorate tags.
Templating in Facelets is not just limited to one level. It is possible to have multilevel templating, as a client for one template can be a template for other client templates. Hence, Facelets powerful templating support allows you to create complex composite applications. In the next section, we go over all the UI tags in Facelets, alphabetically. The ui:component tag inserts a new UIComponent instance into the JavaServer Faces tree as the root of all the components or content fragments it contains.
Facelets is a templating language developed from the ground up with JavaServer Facelets Essentials. Guide to JavaServer Faces View Definition Framework. Created in response to the many concerns involving JavaServer Pages (JSP) Facelets Essentials: Guide to JavaServer™ Faces View Definition Framework.
Table shows its attributes. If none is present, Facelets will create an id following the JavaServer specification rules.