Luftwaffe At War - Airwar Over The Atlantic
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The main focus of the U-boat and air operations during and early lay on the convoy routes from the USA, the South Atlantic and those around Gibraltar. In , Harlinghausen was one of the pioneers of attacking ships with bombs. Subsequently, the number of aircraft available for armed reconnaissance missions increased to more than , most of them Fw s and Ju 88s. However, from mid, unsustainable losses during low-level attacks forced KG 40 to level bomb from high altitude.
These losses were due to the fact that the British Admiralty assembled their merchant ships to form convoys, well escorted by frigates and destroyers of the Royal Navy and Allied maritime powers. Furthermore, the convoys were protected by AA-cruisers and ship-borne barrage balloons to hinder German bomber crews attempting to mount a low-level attack. Additionally, some of the merchant ships were equipped with Hawker Hurricane fighters mounted on and launched from catapults. Despite far better defences, the German flyers were still achieving successes.
By this time the number of losses had grown steadily. Additionally, from summer onward, the Royal Navy fielded escort carriers to protect the Allied convoys on all their routes. Because the LT F5 torpedo was not very reliable in operation however, all attempts to sink further British ships using it failed. Since the air defence capability of enlarged Allied convoys grew increasingly effective, German aircrews hoped to receive the more powerful and well protected He A as soon as possible.
From July , I. Due to many technical problems, the operational career of this new, more powerful combat aircraft was rather limited. The second Gruppe of KG 40 was re-equipped with Do bombers from 1 May and achieved combat status again in August of that year over the western approaches. Their Staffeln were then sent to Grossetto for aerial torpedo training and exercise duties. In spite of this, II. In June the unit was renamed V.
In September , the He A-equipped I. Assigned to Luftflotte 3, it arrived in Bordeaux on 25 October. At Bordeaux the crews were trained to operate the rocket-powered Hs A-1 missile, one of which was carried under each wing. Meanwhile, II. After suffering heavy losses during the invasion struggle in June and July , the new second Gruppe was withdrawn to Gardemoen in Norway. After the battle of France was lost the few remaining aircraft of KG 40 were flown to Norway. In order to intercept Allied convoys headed for Murmansk and Alchelansk in the northern part of Russia, the Luftwaffe operated from newly constructed airfields on the Norwegian-Finnish border.
Early in , sixty long-range bombers, thirty dive-bombers and fifteen He floatplanes were based there. However, in spite of bad sailing conditions and several successful attacks, they were unable to stop the convoys from entering Russian waters, and a well prepared AA defence network prevented the Luftwaffe bomber forces from destroying the infrastructure of the two major harbours. The convoys also turned as far north as possible, making it difficult for the Luftwaffe to follow them throughout their entire journey.
Only the attack mounted against PQ 17 was very successful; more than seventy long-range reconnaissance aircraft BV s, FW s and Ju 88s together with nearly one hundred other combat aircraft mainly Ju 88 A-4s and the U-boats of the Kriegsmarine succeeded in destroying several ships. On 10 July , the Oberkommando der Luftwaffe decided to bring I.
Flowever, after all attempts to prosecute an offensive air war against the Allies in late failed, its personnel were dispersed among other units.
Fliegerführer Atlantik (German: "Flyer Command Atlantic") was a World War II Luftwaffe naval command dedicated to maritime patrol. At the outbreak of World War II in September , the Luftwaffe was an .. The Fw was the main weapon in the early rounds of the Atlantic air war. Its combat prowess rested on three vital. The air warfare of World War II was a major component in all theaters and, together with . In the war the Luftwaffe performed well in –41, as its Stuka dive bombers Heinkel He appeared only during the last months of the air war in Europe. . of the long-range bombers used in antisubmarine patrols in the Atlantic.
The first elements of a fifth Gruppe of the then famous Kampfgeschwader 40 were established in July near Bordeaux in France. From January the number of these destroyer aircraft available was increasing steadily. This enabled V. In August an additional fourth Staffel was established, but only a few weeks later this unit left KG 40, their crews being transferred to other destroyer units. This unit was commanded by Major Fischer and was established on 20 May after German sinkings of Allied ships had become fewer and fewer.
However, more than three units were needed to train and supply the first crews flying the Ju A-3s and A-4s that were used to mount widespread reconnaissance operations over the Atlantic. After a few training missions carried out from Achmer, the aircraft, being fitted with FuG Hohenthwiel anti-shipping radar and an increased defensive armament, were sent to Mont de Marsan in France. There the former reconnaissance aircraft were handed over to both KG and Deutsche Lufthansa. During a total of missions, FAGr.
Their reconnaissance flights covered a distance of , kilometres, though many of these ended without any enemy contact. Only twenty Allied convoys were found, fourteen with the eyes of Ju aircrew and no more than six with the help of FuG radar installations carried aboard the aircraft.
Acting in unison, the German submarines, Fw s and He s only succeeded in sinking eight destroyers and three perhaps a few more merchant vessels; this was due in large measure to splendid air defensive tactics employed by Allied fighting ships, fighter aircraft and AA-guns mounted on the merchantmen. The Ju 88 H-1 long-range reconnaissance aircraft played a limited role during the struggle. When it was first suggested establishing a few units using this lengthened variant of the Ju 88, only a limited number of ten aircraft two prototypes [Ju 88 V89 and -V90] and an additional eight series aircraft had been completed.
Because the flight characteristics of the H-1 and the H-2 were so different, the complete series was stopped. During May , five of them operated over the Atlantic and the Bay of Biscay to escort German vessels heading for the French coast. However, due to overwhelming air superiority of Allied fighter units, most of the Ju 88 Hs were lost, and by September all Ju 88 Hs had disappeared from the German order of battle.
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Besides the Ar , which was designed, amongst other things, to carry out reconnaissance duties over England and the seas around, a radical version of the Do , called the Do , was tabled by the Supreme Luftwaffe command. Final production of the twin Do failed along with that of another four-engined long-range aircraft, the Me Only a few Ju D-2s fitted with FuG radar were used for further reconnaissance missions, and these only occurred over the North Sea, since the Atlantic Ocean was out of range of German aircraft flying from Germany, Denmark and Norway by early After the production of the Ju was cancelled early in February , a few further missions were carried out by the less powerful Ju 88s, Ju s and jet-powered Ar B-2bs.
A few remaining aircraft were captured by advancing Allied units up to May in the northern part of Germany, as well as in Denmark and Norway. You are commenting using your WordPress.
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This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Able to attack shipping directly, or able to guide U-Boats to their prey the Condor scored its first major success when it crippled the liner Empress of Great Britain. But the tables were to turn on the 'Scourge of the Atlantic' as mechanical failures induced by their harsh operating environment and changes in Allied tactics began to take a toll. Vulnerable to aerial attack, the deployment of Allied carriers and their associated fighters combined with the introduction of more loing range maritime patrol aircraft exposed the Condor's deficiencies.
Battle of Britain
Packed with rare first-hand accounts, profile artwork and photographs, this is the history of one of the unsung types to take to the skies during World War 2. Enter your email address below to sign up to our General newsletter for updates from Osprey Publishing, Osprey Games and our parent company Bloomsbury.
Fw Condor Units of World War 2. Add to Basket. About this Product. Biographical Note. Chris Goss is a recently retired senior Royal Air Force officer who has studied the air war over northwest Europe for many years, specialising in Luftwaffe air operations.
He has amassed a substantial collection of original wartime material and photographs as a result of interviews and extensive correspondence with veterans and their families. Chris has written more than 14 books such as Bloody Biscay, Brothers in Arms and The Luftwaffe's Blitz that have been critically acclaimed for their research and been published in Hungarian, Spanish, Czech, as well as in English.