Science and sustainable food security : selected papers of M S Swaminathan

Science and sustainable food security; selected papers of M.S. Swaminathan.

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This volume also brings out how Professor Swaminathan elegantly combined intellect and labour hard work , and professional zeal with compassion for the poor. He is always open to new ideas, and new technologies without of course, compromising the values of traditional knowledge and ecological prudence of the rural and tribal people. This volume nicely captures how Professor Swaminathan with a deep and comprehensive understanding of the threats to the ecological foundations of agriculture and sustainable rural development, environmental degradation, social inequities and the climate change risks, has also harnessed science and technology to convert challenges into opportunities.

Elsevier offers free access to selected papers by World Food Prize Laureates

This volume is written in a manner to serve also as a text book, going beyond the scope of just a biography. That should benefit generations of students on one hand, and sustain an interest in the book for many years on the other. Passar bra ihop. The scope of the book is comprehensive, analysing a range of key food security issues self-sufficiency, stocks and industry development , policies and futures.

Science And Sustainable Food Security: Selected Papers Of M S Swaminathan

In search of biohappiness: Biodiversity and food, health and livelihood security It deals with methods of converting agro-biodiversity hotspots into happy spots. This involves concurrent attention to conservation, and sustainable and equitable use. Bioresources constitute the feedstock for the biotechnology industry. The aim of the book is to promote an era of biohappiness based on the conversion of bioresources into jobs and income in an environmentally sustainable manner.

Science and sustainable food security: Selected papers of M S Swaminathan Provides a roadmap for achieving sustainable agricultural advance and food security in an era of climate change and global economic melt-down. The contents include a description of the paradigm shift under the leadership of the author, from a green to an ever-green revolution necessary for advancing productivity in perpetuity without ecological harm. Hickey Editor Call Number: S Through the integration of gender analysis into resilience thinking, this book shares field-based research insights from a collaborative, integrated project aimed at improving food security in subsistence and smallholder agricultural systems.

The scope of the book is both local and multi-scalar. This report argues that, up to a certain extent, the conflict-affected countries and territories of the ESCWA region can promote food security nationally.

The volume draws on papers presented at the inaugural Workshop of the Mediterranean Center for Food Security and Sustainable Growth MED-SEC , an international network of academics focusing on issues of development, sustainability and food security. Find Open Access e-Books Digitized texts of classic out-of-copyright books items published before , cutoff date in US copyright law.

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Search Hathi Trust Catalog. Of these, 70 per cent are women and 67 per cent have no access to land, credit or technology. Of the 70 per cent rural households that own livestock, the vast majority are either landless or marginal farmers Between and , production of foodgrains comprises production of rice, wheat, coarse cereals and pulses in the country increased at an average annual rate of 2.

Warding off doomsday predictions of hunger and famine, India came to be in a situation following the Green Revolution in the late sixties, where we hardly had to resort to foodgrain imports between and , except occasionally. An estimate suggests that without a green revolution, about 30 million children would have died in the developing world between and , with more than two-thirds of these children being in Asia alone The rate of growth of foodgrains production however decelerated to 1. The per capita availability of cereals and pulses consequently witnessed a decline.

The per capita consumption of cereals was observed to have declined from a peak of g per capita per day in to g per capita per day in , indicating a decline of 13 per cent during this period 14 GoI Foodgrain availability declined by 4.

A point of concern is that moving from the position of self sufficiency that the green revolution helped us attain, we have had to resort to import of foodgrains in recent years. Our total milk production is the highest in the world, but productivity per animal is extremely low by international standards. Per capita availability of eggs increased from five eggs per head per annum at one time to 55 eggs per head per annum in Meat production from the recognized sector increased from 1.

Constituting about 4. The growth of foodgrain production during the s and s was largely due to institutional efforts in raising the levels of technology used in agriculture through research and extension, investments in rural infrastructure and human capabilities, credit support, procurement at minimum support prices and the strengthening of supportive institutions like the Food Corporation of India FCI. From the early s, however, there has been a focus on expenditure reduction, resulting in decline in public investment in and other forms of support to the agricultural sector.

As a result of the decline in public investment, expansion in irrigation, growth in input usage and technological improvement, have all slowed down during the s This has as expected impacted on production. It calls for stepping up investment in agriculture, both by the private and public sectors to ensure sustained target growth of 4 per cent per annum. At a broader level, the trend in India may be seen as a reflection of the global decline in food output The per capita world cereal output reportedly declined from kg per year in to kg by Among developing countries, China and India, which together accounted for over 30 per cent of world cereal output in the early s, contributed significantly to this global decline.

The eleven developing countries - China, India, Indonesia, the Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam, Iran, Egypt, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka which together contributed 40 per cent of world cereal output accounted for only a At the same time, the output of their export crops rose up to ten times faster than foodgrains, owing to the diversion of land and resources to export crops.

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The developed countries, which together accounted for about 40 per cent of world cereal output accounted for only an With regard to rice and wheat, while the compound annual rate of growth CAGR in area was marginal at 0. The CAGR of area improved to 0. The subsequent decade to saw an improvement of area under wheat but the CAGR of production fell for both rice and wheat. This suggests that in these two crops there is need for renewed research to boost production and productivity. Further, it is necessary to note that these two crops together constituted 78 per cent of total foodgrains production in 5.

In the case of coarse cereals which accounted for 15 per cent of the foodgrain production in , there has been no major technological innovation. The growth rate in area of total coarse cereals comprising jowar , bajra , ragi , maize, small millets and barley, was negative in all the three periods to , to and to This could have been either due to shift to other crops or relatively dry areas remaining fallow. However, growth in production and yield for coarse grains which was 0. With regard to pulses, while during the s there was negative growth in total area under pulses and growth in production and yield was 1.

There has been progressive decline in per capita availability of pulses; it fell from 69 grams in to 32 grams in The requirement was estimated to be The Economic Survey 5 reports the estimated production of pulses in as On the oilseeds front, per capita annual consumption of vegetable oil in the country at The production of oilseeds, though has increased in recent years from A substantial portion of our requirement of edible oil is met through import of palm oil from Indonesia and Malaysia. Any disruption in the supply of palm oil from these countries will put the country in a difficult situation, especially since a large quantity of the global production of vegetable oils is being utilized for production of bio-diesel in Europe and North America.

Such non-food use of edible oils ultimately reduces their availability and pushes up their prices With regard to the requirements of the livestock sector, it is estimated that current levels of fodder production are sufficient to feed only half of our animal population. Green fodder shortage is estimated at 34 per cent. The gap between demand and supply of animal feed is alarming. From many perspectives, agriculture in the country today is in a state of crisis. A national survey some years back revealed that given a choice, 40 per cent of farmers in India would not like to be in farming Farming is increasingly seen as an unviable activity, characterized by rising input costs and un-remunerative prices.

It has to be understood that nearly 80 per cent of the land holdings in India are below 2 hectares in size.

Unlike in industrialized countries where only 2 to 4 per cent of the population depends upon farming for their work and income security, agriculture is the backbone of the livelihood security system for two-third of India's population. In effect, farmers also constitute the largest proportion of consumers.

Hence, improving small farm production and productivity, as a single development strategy, can make the greatest contribution to the elimination of hunger and poverty 7. Experience of countries that have succeeded in reducing hunger and malnutrition shows that growth originating in agriculture, in particular the small holder sector is at least twice as effective in benefitting the poorest as growth from non-agriculture sectors As stated earlier, higher productivity requires higher investment in agriculture and agriculture research - a fact that needs to be heeded by the policy makers.

It is clear that India will remain a predominantly agricultural country during most of the 21 st century, particularly with reference to livelihood opportunities.

Therefore, there is a need for both vision and appropriate action in the area of shaping our agricultural destiny. Our major agricultural strengths are our large population of hard working farm women and men, our varied climatic and soil resources, abundant sunshine throughout the year, reasonable rainfall and water resources, a long coast line and rich agro-biodiversity.

Converting these into jobs and income is the challenge. There are however, several available areas of improvement for increasing the levels of production and productivity and improving the lives of the people dependent on agriculture and allied activities. The Green Revolution had been largely confined to irrigated farming areas and to rice and wheat. The per unit area productivity of Indian agriculture today is much lower in India as compared to other major crop producing countries Table I.

There are also wide gaps in the yield among and within States. China has yield rates far ahead of India in all the three major foodgrain crops cultivated. Factor productivity in relation to fertilizer application is low and this enhances the cost of production without the desired impact on yields. Proper attention to soil health, access to water, quality seeds and other inputs and package of practices suited to the crop and the agro-ecological region are part of the package needed to enhance farm productivity.

As a single agronomic intervention, supply of the needed micronutrients to address the hidden hunger in the soil has the greatest impact on increasing yield. Mandatory water harvesting and recharge of wells and groundwater resources can enhance water availability. Access to timely and adequate credit and effective crop insurance are two other crucial factors.

There is also the issue of remunerative price. An evergreen revolution 23 i. Given the need to respond to climate change, short-term and medium term weather forecasting and advisories on crop and varietal choice become crucial.

Small farmer friendly technologies have to be disseminated. Research on technology for dry-land farming should be encouraged and these technologies made available to small and marginal farmers.

The technology strategy for an evergreen revolution should have the following three components 4. The Punjab-Haryana belt is regarded as the bread basket of the nation. Punjab farmers provide 60 per cent of wheat and 40 per cent of rice to the public distribution system and national buffer stocks.

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