The Dollar Decade: Mammon and the Machine in 1920s America
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Are you certain this article is inappropriate? Email Address:. The Jazz Age was a feature of the s ending with The Great Depression when jazz music and dance became popular. This occurred particularly in the United States , but also in Britain, France and elsewhere. Jazz played a significant part in wider cultural changes during the period, and its influence on pop culture continued long afterwards. The Jazz Age is often referred to in conjunction with the phenomenon referred to as the Roaring Twenties.
The birth of jazz music is generally credited to African Americans , [1] but expanded and over time was modified to become socially acceptable to middle-class white Americans. White performers were used as a vehicle for the popularization of jazz music in America.
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Even though the jazz movement was taken over by the middle class white population, it facilitated the mesh of African American traditions and ideals with the white middle class society. Younger demographics popularized the black-originated dances such as the Charleston as part of the immense cultural shift the popularity of jazz music generated. The spread of jazz was encouraged by the introduction of large-scale radio broadcasts in The radio was described as the "sound factory. The radio provided Americans with a trendy new avenue for exploring the world through broadcasts and concerts from the comfort of their living room.
There were two categories of live music on the radio: concert music and big band dance music.
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The concert music was known as "potter palm" and was concert music by amateurs, usually volunteers. This type of radio was a way of making broadcasting cheaper. Unfortunately, this type of radio's popularity started to decrease as commercial radio increased. This type of music is known as big band dance music. This type is played by professionals and was featured from nightclubs, dance halls, and ballrooms. Other jazz vocalists include Bessie Smith and Florence Mills. In urban areas, such as Chicago and New York, African American jazz was played on the radio more often than in the suburbs.
This youth rebellion of the s went hand-in-hand with fads like bold fashion statements flappers , women smoking cigarettes, free talk about sex, and new radio concerts. Dances like the Charleston , developed by African Americans, suddenly became popular among the youth. Traditionalists were aghast at what they considered the breakdown of morality. With women now taking part in the work force after the end of the First World War there were many more possibilities for women in terms of social life and entertainment.
Ideas like equality and free sexuality were very popular during the time and women seemed to capitalize during this period. The s saw the emergence of many famous women musicians including Bessie Smith. Bessie Smith also gained attention because she was not only a great singer but also an African American woman. She has grown through the ages to be one of the most well respected singers of all time. She was originally a member of King Oliver's band with Louis, and went on to play piano in her husband's band the Hot Five and then his next group called the Hot Seven [10] It was not until the s and s that many women jazz singers, such as Bessie Smith and Billie Holiday were recognized as successful artists in the music world.
As jazz flourished, American elites who preferred classical music sought to expand the listenership of their favored genre, hoping that jazz wouldn't become mainstream. Today, jazz has evolved as an influential principle in music.
Roaring Twenties - Wikipedia
It has also added more instruments to the type of music. Today, there are still jazz fest with African elements. She and Lil Hardin Armstrong often are ranked as two of the best female jazz blues piano players of the period. Piano player Lil Hardin Armstrong was originally a member of King Oliver's band with Louis, and went on to play piano in her husband's band the Hot Five and then his next group called the Hot Seven [34] It was not until the s and s that many women jazz singers, such as Bessie Smith and Billie Holiday were recognized as successful artists in the music world.
In her lifetime, she won 13 Grammy awards and sold over 40 million albums. Her voice was flexible and wide-ranging. She could sing ballads, jazz, and imitate every instrument in an orchestra. The birth of jazz is credited to African Americans. Those critical of jazz saw it as music from people with no training or skill. Although jazz was taken over by the white middle-class population, it facilitated the mesh of African American traditions and ideals with white middle-class society.
The Dollar Decade: Mammon and the Machine in 1920s America
The migration of African Americans from the American South introduced the culture born from a repressive, unfair society to the American north where navigating through a society with little ability to change played a vital role in the birth of jazz. It was their live performances which inspired European audiences' interest in jazz, as well as the interest in all things American and therefore exotic which accompanied the economic and political woes of Europe during this time. British jazz began with a tour by the Original Dixieland Jazz Band in Thereafter jazz became an important element in many leading dance orchestras, and jazz instrumentalists became numerous.
This style entered full swing in France with the Quintette du Hot Club de France , which began in Much of this French jazz was a combination of African-American jazz and the symphonic styles in which French musicians were well-trained; in this, it is easy to see the inspiration taken from Paul Whiteman since his style was also a fusion of the two.
Solos pass from one player to another as guitar and bass form the rhythm section. Some researchers believe Eddie Lang and Joe Venuti pioneered the guitar-violin partnership characteristic of the genre, [43] which was brought to France after they had been heard live or on Okeh Records in the late s.
During this time period, jazz began to get a reputation as being immoral, and many members of the older generations saw it as threatening the old cultural values and promoting the new decadent values of the Roaring Twenties. Professor Henry van Dyke of Princeton University wrote: " It's merely an irritation of the nerves of hearing, a sensual teasing of the strings of physical passion.
The New York Times used stories and headlines to pick at jazz: Siberian villagers were said by the paper to have used jazz to scare off bears, when in fact they had used pots and pans; another story claimed that the fatal heart attack of a celebrated conductor was caused by jazz. As jazz flourished, American elites who preferred classical music sought to expand the listenership of their favored genre, hoping that jazz would not become mainstream.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. For the film, see The Jazz Age film. Main article: Jazz. Main article: Prohibition in the United States.
The Dollar Decade: Mammon and the Machine in s America [Gary D. Best] on giuliettasprint.konfer.eu *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. This book examines the. Editorial Reviews. Review. "[A] handy guide to many of the innovatioins of the s, and the book's thesis that the machine influenced almost all of the major.
Main articles: Swing music and s in jazz. Main article: Women in jazz. Retrieved March 7, National Park Service. Retrieved Retrieved — via University of Salzburg. Retrieved October 19, The Journal of Popular Culture. American Quarterly.
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Northwestern University. History Learning Site. The Red Hot Archive.
Retrieved October 29, December 19, Retrieved January 27, July 21, Retrieved August 28, African American Review. Music Library Association.
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Journal of Popular Culture. The Journal of Negro History. Reich, and Lois Fichner-Rathus. A History of Jazz in Britain — 4th ed. London: Northway.
Mississippi State University. The introduction of the sound film at the end of the decade of the s eliminated vaudeville's last major advantage. Publsihed: Fall This played an important role in the development of Canada's first highly successful third political party, the Progressive Party of Canada that won the second most seats in the national election. But first how did Jazz music emerge? Even though the jazz movement was taken over by the middle class white population, it facilitated the mesh of African American traditions and ideals with the white middle class society. College football captivated fans, with notables such as Red Grange , running back of the University of Illinois, and Knute Rockne who coached Notre Dame's football program to great success on the field and nationwide notoriety.
French Historical Studies. Retrieved March 28, Jazz Anecdotes. New York: Oxford University Press.
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