Dynamic Channel Allocation in ULTRA-TDD

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Introduction to carrier aggregation technology in LTE-advanced systems. In International conference on advanced information technologies AIT. Li, Y. Hong, W. Shrivastava, R. In 3rd IEEE international conference on cloud networking. Chiang, C.

Adaptive downlink and uplink channel split ratio determination for TCP-based best effort traffic in TDD-based wimax networks. Susitaival, R. Wanshi, J. US Patent 20,,, Lei, H. WO Patent App.

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Khoryaev, A. Performance analysis of dynamic adjustment of TDD uplink-downlink configurations in outdoor picocell lte networks. Shen, Z. Kaltenberger, F. Spectrum overlay through aggregation of heterogeneous dispersed bands, networks and communications. Lu, Z. Journal of Network and Computer Applications , 34 , — Two zones belonging to different cells are defined to be conflicting with each other if there is a high likelihood that a first WTRU transmitting in one zone would cause severe interference to a second WTRU receiving in the second zone.

The determination of whether two zones are conflicting with each other can be made by analysis of the cell layout. Alternatively, one could envision a more sophisticated scheme based on collecting measurements made by WTRUs. The conflicting zone look-up table in Figure 3 facilitates determining the conflicting zones.

Zone A6 is first located in the vertical column of the conflict lookup table. Al, A2, A3, A4 and A5. Because a slot cannot be used for both uplink and downlink simultaneously in the same cell, zones belonging to the same cell cannot be allowed to have opposing directions.

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Interference would occur if both WTRUs and use the same slot for transmission and reception, respectively. For example, suppose that it is desired that a given slot S be used for the uplink in cell A and in the downlink in cell B. Such a situation can happen if, for example, cell B has more downlink traffic than cell A. Without using the concept of zones, it would be difficult for cell A and cell B to use slot S in different directions. However, when the concept of zones is used this problem is surmounted in the following way.

For example, suppose that zone A3 on Figure 1 is not conflicting with any zone of cell B. Suppose also that slot S is used for the uplink in cell A and for the downlink in cell B. This represents a flexibility advantage and ultimately a capacity advantage, since otherwise slot S would have been completely unavailable for uplink in cell A. However, as the WTRU traverses through the coverage area, the system must keep track of the zone it is currently located in.

Based on the knowledge of the lookup table showing conflicting zones, the system can determine the best use of each slot uplink, downlink or none in every zone, taking into account the constraints imposed by the conflicts between zones and the average traffic characteristics. This is known as the slow dynamic channel allocation SDCA process, which occurs over a relatively large time scale hours, days, weeks or months.

The SDCA uses the conflict zone lookup table in this determination of slot usage. It is also allocated at least one uplink channel in one or more of the slots that can be used for the uplink.

Whenever a WTRU moves to another zone, the system checks if the channel allocation needs to be changed, a problem situation which can occur if the slot s used by this WTRU are no longer allowed in a given direction in the new zone it is moving in. This can be achieved by the fast dynamic channel allocation FDCA process. Therefore, there is no need to re-consult the conflicting zone lookup table every time a WTRU moves to a new zone. Rather, each zone is associated with a possible usage, uplink, downlink or none for every slot which is determined by the slow DCA based on the lookup table.

The system uses this slot usage information when it is time to assign channels to a WTRU. The system then makes the appropriate non-interfering uplink and downlink slot assignments. Referring to Figure 4, if the traffic loads in each of two adjoining cells , have differing asymmetry use characteristics, that is, the first cell is mostly downlink traffic, while the second cell is mostly uplink traffic , without conflict zone management, the transmissions of WTRU 32 would cause interference with the first cell , if the cells are using the same slot for different directions.

A fast allocation protocol could attempt employ an escape mechanism, which is a means for a channel allocation of a specific WTRU to be changed due to excessive interference as detected by a particular WTRU using this channel. The use of escape mechanisms is unsatisfactory since it would result in effectively forbidding the use of that slot in significant parts of the cell. Conflict zoning allows a mobile to traverse through a coverage area, including zones , while having negligible impact on the cell's usage characteristics.

A cell is separated into two zones as shown in Figure 2. The first zone is the outer zone 21, which is defined by the coverage area 24 of the cell, exclusive of the inner zone 22 ; and the second zone is the inner zone The serving base station 20 is located at the center of the inner zone First measurements of the signal delay and the received signal power are performed.

This allows the determination of whether WTRU 28 is located in the inner or outer zone. However, because a WTRU requires constant tracking as it traverses the coverage area, there is a need for continuous system participation and coordination of the other base stations and WTRUs causing this to be a very resource intensive technique. The coordinates are reported by the WTRU to the base station and the system uses the coordinates as aforementioned.

However, there are some disadvantages with this option. The first is the need for the WTRU to be in a favorable position allowing it to properly receive the satellite signals outdoors. Also, since the measurement is performed by the WTRU, the WTRU needs to constantly transmit location information to the system, which increases the signaling burden over the air interface and utilizes precious battery resources.

The location measurements including inclination angle and signal level readings are employed to determine the position the WTRU. An advantage to adaptive antennas is that a position is obtained without the need of measurements from any other base stations or WTRUs. Therefore, adaptive antennas provide an efficient and independent means for tracking WTRUs.

The second type of interference that can occur in the cellular system mobile-to-mobile interference occurs when a first mobile's reception is impeded or degraded by another mobile's transmission. The performance of the zone division scheme depends on basically two factors: 1 the effectiveness i.

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The neighborhood of zone Z is defined as the set of other zones in other cells that conflict with zone Z. This means that the entries corresponding to Z and any zone belonging to the neighborhood of Z should be checked in the lookup table of Figure 3. As the accuracy of the WTRU positioning is increased, it is possible to define a larger number of zones per cell, resulting in higher flexibility and increased efficiency of the system. This means that for every zone, there is a relatively small number of other zones that are conflicting with it.

Thus, there are fewer constraints, which allow for more flexibility in the determination of the slot usage for every zone. This allows for the greatest flexibility in terms of assigning different proportions of uplink versus downlink traffic for different cells. Therefore, any scheme that tends to restrict the size of neighborhoods results in a gain of flexibility. This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources.

Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Circuit mode constant bandwidth. Statistical multiplexing variable bandwidth. IEEE : 1—4.

Behind Band 48: How It All Started?

Energy and spectrum efficient wireless network design. Cambridge University Press. Channel access methods and media access control.

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