Field Hydrogeology- A Guide for Site Investigations and Report Preparation

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Written by an author with more than 50 years of experience in hydrology and geology, this reference treats the subject from a field standpoint. Useful as a field guide or textbook, it contains standard methods for planning and undertaking hydrogeologic investigations. It incorporates case studies, contains a glossary of field-hydrogeology technical terms, and provides a detailed list of ASTM standards and key hydrologic Web sites.

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The text covers hydrogeologic fundamentals, conceptual models, planning an investigation, surface investigations, subsurface investigations, field inventory, stream flow measurements, water quality measurements, and report preparation. More than 3, updated and expanded, cross-referenced entries, more than of which are new, cover all aspects of Earth science: geomorphology, stratigraphy, mineralogy, petrology, climatology, oceanography, paleontology, hydrology, geophysics, cartography, surveying, and soil science.

Key concepts in physics, chemistry, biology, and mathematics are also defined. E This unrivalled, five-volume reference work covers all aspects of geology including earth history, earth materials, surface processes, regional geology, economic geology, engineering geology, petroleum geology, geochemical and mineral exploration, and the history of geology.

The techniques of remote sensing and other tools of investigation that have advanced rapidly over the last few decades are described in detail. Texts are taken from various authentic material including advertisement brochures, scientific monographs or internet sources. Terminology is practiced through multiple tasks and interesting exercises. The book is meant for learning in classes as well as for self-study.

A glossary and proposals for solutions are provided at the end of the book. M36 Much like the Chicago Manual of Style, The Manual of Scientific Style addresses all stylistic matters in the relevant disciplines of physical and biological science, medicine, health, and technology. It presents consistent guidelines for text, data, and g.

Field Hydrogeology: A Guide For Site Investigations And Report Prepara

E53 also online. The Encyclopedia of Paleoclimatology and Ancient Environments, a companion volume to the recently-published Encyclopedia of World Climatology, provides the reader with an entry point to the rapidly expanding field of paleoclimatology the study of climates of the past. Highly interdisciplinary in nature, paleoclimatology integrates information from a broad array of disciplines in the geosciences, ranging from stratigraphy, geomorphology, glaciology, paleoecology, paleobotany to geochemistry and geophysics, among others.

Exploration pits must be backfilled using native material, compacted to natural density condition, and their locations clearly marked on site maps. A qualified groundwater scientist must determine the thickness, and geotechnical characteristics of significant hydrostratigraphic units, where they exist at the site, above competent bedrock. At least one boring must be drilled per two acres of the proposed disposal area.

8 editions of this work

All borings must be extended to at least 25 feet below the anticipated disposal area sub-base grade or to competent bedrock, whichever is less. All borings must be continuously sampled. Exploration pits may be substituted for borings in areas where the surficial materials can be fully penetrated by the pits.

For sites that meet the conditions pursuant to 10 CSR If geologic structures or solution features are suspected, at least one boring must be completed per acre of the proposed disposal area. All of these borings will be drilled to competent bedrock. Exploration pits may be substituted if approved by GSP.

The borings or pits must be distributed in a grid pattern across the site or located in a manner that will optimize characterization of the site. Deviations from a regular grid pattern must be approved by the GSP. The locations and elevations of borings or pits must be surveyed by a land surveyor.

2 Principles of Site Investigation

A qualified groundwater scientist must determine the depth, thickness and lateral extent of the uppermost aquifer s beneath the proposed site and additional aquifers which are potentially at risk as determined by the GSP. Piezometers are required to adequately characterize the groundwater at the proposed site. There must be at least five piezometers, or one piezometer per four acres of the site, whichever is greater, installed in each aquifer to be characterized. Piezometer construction and development standards must be in accordance with 10 CSR All piezometers must be distributed in a grid pattern across the proposed site or located in a manner that will optimize characterization of the site.

An adequate number of piezometers must be located outside the anticipated fill area to sufficiently characterize each aquifer investigated. The measuring-point elevation of the piezometers must be determined by a land surveyor. Additional piezometers may be required to demonstrate the effectiveness of confining units and extent of aquifers.

If geophysical methods are used, piezometers must be installed to verify the results of the geophysical survey s. A continuously recording precipitation gauge, capable of measuring precipitation events greater than one-tenth 0. Data from the gauge will be used to interpret any fluctuations in potentiometric level s throughout the site characterization period and may be used for other purposes later, at the discretion of the department. The hydraulic conductivity of the uppermost aquifer s beneath the proposed disposal area must be determined.

2nd Edition

The hydraulic conductivity must be determined in one out of every four piezometers installed for each aquifer tested. The hydraulic conductivity must be determined in the field. At least one boring per four acres of the proposed disposal area or five borings, whichever is greater, must be drilled to characterize hydrostratigraphic units, including the uppermost confining unit, below the anticipated sub-base grade of the site.

The depth of these borings will be determined based on geohydrologic conditions at the site. At least five of these borings must be continuously sampled, unless otherwise approved by the GSP. A qualified groundwater scientist must determine the occurrence, thickness, depth and lateral extent of the uppermost confining unit beneath the proposed solid-waste disposal area. If the uppermost confining unit is more than feet below the lowest anticipated sub-base grade, the GSP will determine the need for characterization of the unit. If the thickness of the confining unit is greater than 50 feet, the depth of drilling required will be determined by GSP.

The hydraulic conductivity of the uppermost confining bed must be determined by in situ tests in at least one out of every two, but a minimum of five, borings that penetrate the confining unit. For investigation of horizontal expansions and investigations near previously existing disposal areas, piezometers and borings must be located within feet of the limits of the existing filled area such that there is a minimum of one piezometer per lineal feet extending along the periphery of the existing filled area.

Piezometers will not be installed within the boundary of the pre-existing waste. The geologic materials in each boring, exploration pit, piezometer or well must be logged in detail during drilling or excavation by a qualified groundwater scientist. The qualified groundwater scientist must describe and record the physical and lithologic characteristics of each geologic material encountered as well as other information pertaining to drilling or excavation.

At a minimum, a qualified groundwater scientist must, in the field, note on a descriptive log the following:.

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