Dialogue: A Socratic Dialogue on the Art of Writing Dialogue in Fiction (Elements of Fiction Writing)

Chapter 1. Did Christians “Do Dialogue”?

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Will you keep your promise, and answer shortly the questions which are asked of you?

Gorgias: Some answers, Socrates, are of necessity longer; but I will do my best to make them as short as possible; for a part of my profession is that I can be as short as any one. Socrates: That is what is wanted, Gorgias; exhibit the shorter method now, and the longer one at some other time. Gorgias: Well, I will; and you will certainly say, that you never heard a man use fewer words. Socrates: Very good then; as you profess to be a rhetorician, and a maker of rhetoricians, let me ask you, with what is rhetoric concerned: I might ask with what is weaving concerned, and you would reply would you not?

Socrates: I am glad to hear it; answer me in like manner about rhetoric: with what is rhetoric concerned? Socrates: What sort of discourse, Gorgias--such discourse as would teach the sick under what treatment they might get well? Socrates: Come, then, and let us see what we really mean about rhetoric; for I do not know what my own meaning is as yet. When the assembly meets to elect a physician or a shipwright or any other craftsman, will the rhetorician be taken into counsel?

Surely not. For at every election he ought to be chosen who is most skilled; and, again, when walls have to be built or harbours or docks to be constructed, not the rhetorician but the master workman will advise; or when generals have to be chosen and an order of battle arranged, or a proposition taken, then the military will advise and not the rhetoricians: what do you say, Gorgias? Since you profess to be a rhetorician and a maker of rhetoricians, I cannot do better than learn the nature of your art from you.

And here let me assure you that I have your interest in view as well as my own.

Philosophical fiction

For likely enough some one or other of the young men present might desire to become your pupil, and in fact I see some, and a good many too, who have this wish, but they would be too modest to question you. And therefore when you are interrogated by me, I would have you imagine that you are interrogated by them. Gorgias: I like your way of leading us on, Socrates, and I will endeavour to reveal to you the whole nature of rhetoric. Translated by Benjamin Jowett. University of California Press, And, as always, she managed to convince Socrates that she was right and avoid being fired.

Socrates listened to her, then paid for both of their lunches and went right back to work. Socrates's constant questions had become intolerable to many of the Greek elite. Still, as his Publicist had promised, he had become a brand. Imitators all over Athens were now practicing the new Socratic Method. More and more young people were asking each other questions and doing it with Socrates's patented smart-assy tone.

Grand Central, Share Flipboard Email. Richard Nordquist is a freelance writer and former professor of English and Rhetoric who wrote college-level Grammar and Composition textbooks. Updated January 08, He asks questions of the other characters, the result being a fuller understanding of the subject.

Academic Tools

The dialogues are usually named after the key person interrogated by Socrates, as in Protagoras where this famous Sophist is questioned about his views on rhetoric. The dialogue has obvious relations to both dramatic form and argumentation. In the dialogues, the characters speak in ways appropriate not only to their own views, but to their speaking styles as well.

Lane Cooper points out four elements of the dialogues: The plot or movement of the conversation, the agents in their moral aspect ethos , the reasoning of the agents dianoia , and their style or diction lexis. Murphy and Richard A. Lawrence Erlbaum, The Socratic Method in Business "[S]he could see that he was trying to teach the other men, to coax and persuade them to look at the factory's operations in a new way.

He would have been surprised to be told it, but he used the Socratic method : he prompted the other directors and the middle managers and even the foremen to identify the problems themselves and to reach by their own reasoning the solutions he had himself already determined upon. It was so deftly done that she had sometimes to temper her admiration by reminding herself that it was all directed by the profit motive Viking, Thrasymachus: Yes, I agree. Thrasymachus: It is true. Philosopher: Then S is P must be true of all predicative judgements?

Thrasymachus: Certainly. Philosopher: And A is not -A? Thrasymachus: It is not. Thrasymachus: Indubitably. Thrasymachus: Indisputably. Thrasymachus: Incontrovertibly. The main discussion is carried on by Socrates, Glaucon, and Adeimantus. Among the company are Lysias the orator and Euthydemus, the sons of Cephalus and brothers of Polemarchus, an unknown Charmantides—these are mute auditors; also there is Cleitophon, who once interrupts A , where, as in the Dialogue which bears his name, he appears as the friend and ally of Thrasymachus.

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Cephalus, the patriarch of the house, has been appropriately engaged in offering a sacrifice. He is the pattern of an old man who has almost done with life, and is at peace with himself and with all mankind. He feels that he is drawing nearer to the world below, and seems to linger around the memory of the past. He is eager that Socrates should come to visit him, fond of the poetry of the last generation, happy in the consciousness of a well-spent life, glad at having escaped from the tyranny of youthful lusts. His love of conversation, his affection, his indifference to riches, even his garrulity, are interesting traits of character.

He is not one of those who have nothing to say, because their whole mind has been absorbed in making money. Yet he acknowledges that riches have the advantage of placing men above the temptation to dishonesty or falsehood.

The respectful attention shown to him by Socrates, whose love of conversation, no less than the mission imposed upon him by the Oracle, leads him to ask questions of all men, young and old alike cp. Who better suited to raise the question of justice than Cephalus, whose life might seem to be the expression of it? The moderation with which old age is pictured by Cephalus as a very tolerable portion of existence is characteristic, not only of him, but of Greek feeling generally, and contrasts with the exaggeration of Cicero in the De Senectute. The evening of life is described by Plato in the most expressive manner, yet with the fewest possible touches.

As Cicero remarks Ep. Lysimachus in the Laches, Like Cephalus, he is limited in his point of view, and represents the proverbial stage of morality which has rules of life rather than principles; and he quotes Simonides cp. Aristoph, Clouds, ff. But after this he has no more to say; the answers which he makes are only elicited from him by the dialectic of Socrates.

He has not yet experienced the influence of the Sophists like Glaucon and Edition: current; Page: [ xi ] Adeimantus, nor is he sensible of the necessity of refuting them; he belongs to the pre-Socratic or pre-dialectical age. He is incapable of arguing, and is bewildered by Socrates to such a degree that he does not know what he is saying.

He is made to admit that justice is a thief, and that the virtues follow the analogy of the arts i.

From his brother Lysias contra Eratosth. He has reached the stage of framing general notions, and in this respect is in advance of Cephalus and Polemarchus. But he is incapable of defending them in a discussion, and vainly tries to cover his confusion with banter and insolence.

About the Book

The inequality of the contest adds greatly to the humour of the scene. The pompous and empty Sophist is utterly helpless in the hands of the great master of dialectic, who knows how to touch all the springs of vanity and weakness in him. He is greatly irritated by the irony of Socrates, but his noisy and imbecile rage only lays him more and more open to the thrusts of his assailant. The state of his temper is quite as worthy of remark as the process of the argument.

Nothing is more amusing than his complete submission when he has been once thoroughly beaten. At first he seems to continue Edition: current; Page: [ xii ] the discussion with reluctance, but soon with apparent good-will, and he even testifies his interest at a later stage by one or two occasional remarks v. When attacked by Glaucon vi. The play on his name which was made by his contemporary Herodicus Aris. When Thrasymachus has been silenced, the two principal respondents, Glaucon and Adeimantus, appear on the scene: here, as in Greek tragedy cp.

Who We Are:

At first sight the two sons of Ariston may seem to wear a family likeness, like the two friends Simmias and Cebes in the Phaedo. But on a nearer examination of them the similarity vanishes, and they are seen to be distinct characters. He is full of quickness and penetration, piercing easily below the clumsy platitudes of Thrasymachus to the real difficulty; he turns out to the light the seamy side of human life, and yet does not lose faith in the just and true.

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