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Is the concept the relic of a bygone age? Further, the competitive Western Capitalistic world view has downplayed the significance of the group as a survival mechanism. Human Nature is dedicated to advancing the interdisciplinary investigation of the biological, social, and environmental factors that underlie human behavior. Even before the horrors of Nazism, biological explanations came to be seen, at best, as passe or eccentric and, at worst, as dangerously and politically incorrect. Hull's criticism is raised against philosophers who conceive human nature as a set of intrinsic phenotypic traits or characters that are universal among humans, unique to humans, and definitive of what it is to be a member of the biological species Homo sapiens. Other Sites Springer. What we are looking for at the most fundamental level is found in the real world, and our obsession with the symbolic realm is the primary obstacle to that discovery.
Brought to you by Curio , an Aeon partner. Edited by Nigel Warburton. What makes this strange is that, not only does the new attitude run counter to much of the history of philosophy, but — despite loud claims to the contrary — it also goes against the findings of modern science. This has serious consequences, ranging from the way in which we see ourselves and our place in the cosmos to what sort of philosophy of life we might adopt. Our aim here is to discuss the issue of human nature in light of contemporary biology, and then explore how the concept might impact everyday living.
The existence of something like a human nature that separates us from the rest of the animal world has often been implied, and sometimes explicitly stated, throughout the history of philosophy. The Epicureans argued that it is a quintessential aspect of human nature that we are happier when we experience pleasure, and especially when we do not experience pain.
In contrast, many contemporary philosophers, both of the so-called analytic and continental traditions, seem largely to have rejected the very idea of human nature. We beg to differ.
What exactly does science tell us about the idea of a human nature? From Charles Darwin onward, the scientific consensus has been pretty clear: we are but one species among millions on Earth, members of a not particularly numerous branch of the tree of life, endowed with unusually large and structurally complex brains.
Our particular lineage gave origin to the species Homo sapiens at least , years ago, resulting from a long evolutionary period, which unfolded over millions of years from the point of divergence from our most recent common ancestor with the chimpanzees, our closest phylogenetic cousins. Put that way, it would seem that biology does indeed do away with any idea of human nature: whatever characteristics our species possesses are the result of a continuous process of evolutionary differentiation from other species of primates, and there is no reason to believe that such process is over, or will be any time soon.
In light of this, we think that the picture emerging from evolutionary and developmental biology is — contrary to the widespread opinion among contemporary philosophers — one that very much supports the notion of human nature, just not an essentialist one. Human nature is best conceived of as a cluster of homeostatic properties, ie of traits that are dynamically changing and yet sufficiently stable over evolutionary time to be statistically clearly recognisable. These properties include characteristics that are either unique to the human species, or so quantitatively distinct from anything similar found in other animals that our version is unquestionably and solely human.
Kifaru The Rest Jim Allison: Breakthrough Sea of Shadows Documentary Crime History. Midnight Family Documentary Action Crime. Honeyland Documentary Drama. One Child Nation Documentary History. The Woman Who Loves Giraffes Spies Romance Thriller. Amazing Grace Documentary Music. Edit Cast Credited cast: David Baltimore Himself Jill Banfield Herself Rodolphe Barrangou Himself Aliza Ben-Baruch Herself Joab Camarena Himself Alta Charo Herself Emmanuelle Charpentier Herself George Church Himself Tshaka Cunningham Himself Michael Dabrowski Himself Paul Dabrowski Himself George Daley Himself Bobby Dhadwar Himself Jennifer Doudna Herself Bowyer G.
Edit Storyline The biggest tech revolution of the 21st Century isn't digital, it's biological.