Vitamin D and Cancer

Vitamin D may prolong life in people with cancer
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Contents:

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  • High-dose vitamin D may not prevent cancer
  • People of MSK
  • Where did the story come from?
  • Vitamin D supplements aren’t living up to their hype
  • High-Dose Vitamin D Beneficial for Colon Cancer Patients

    • Cancer is a leading cause of death in the United States, ranked second only to heart disease, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. In , there were more than 1. Globally, the burden of cancer is much greater. There were Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin. You can obtain it through supplements and diet, and the body produces it when ultraviolet rays from sunlight encounter the skin. Vitamin D is known to promote calcium absorption in the gut and aid in adequate levels of calcium throughout the body to ensure appropriate bone growth and remodeling.

    The Harvard University T.

    Wasif M. The amount of daily supplementation of vitamin D is still a point of debate among doctors. In a report by the Institute of Medicine in , the recommended amount of vitamin D for children and adults is international units IU per day. However, because of the increased safety profile of vitamin D, the upper limit of intake was changed from 2, to 4, IU per day.

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    A fact sheet that summarizes the results of studies on vitamin D and cancer prevention. It includes information about dietary recommendations. Taking vitamin D supplements does not cut cancer risk but may prolong life once cancer develops, according to an analysis of trials covering.

    Despite this study showing results which could reduce death, Chandra says much work still needs to be done. A recent study found that people recovering from cancer had a lower risk of dying if they were taking vitamin D supplements. Experts say more research is needed to confirm the findings. There have been multiple in vitro studies that have established 1,25 OH 2D3 as an inhibitor of lung cancer growth. Researchers have also demonstrated that 1,25 OH 2D3 inhibits squamous cell carcinoma SCC cell motility, invasion, and metastasis, partially through the promotion of E-cadherin-mediated cell—cell adhesion.

    High-dose vitamin D may not prevent cancer

    Zhang et al. Given the in vitro and in vivo data, researchers have completed several observational trials that have explored the relationship between 1,25 OH 2D3 and lung cancer survival. Srinivasan et al. Freedman et al. Given the intracellular effects of 1,25 OH 2D3, researchers have explored whether 1,25 OH 2D3 may have a synergistic effect with cytotoxic and targeted treatment.

    Several studies demonstrate that 1, OH 2D potentiates the cytotoxic effect of taxane and platinum-based chemotherapy in SCC murine models. Ultimately, while there is strong evidence that vitamin D has antineoplastic effects in vitro and in vivo, the epidemiologic evidence for improved survival is mixed. Randomized clinical trials are needed to demonstrate whether vitamin D has a clinically significant benefit for lung cancer patients both for prevention and as an adjuvant treatment.

    Breast Cancer Aside from nonmelanoma skin cancer, breast cancer is the most common cancer among women in the US.

    In the most recent year for which statistics are available , , women in the US were diagnosed with breast cancer and 40, women died from the disease. There are several subtypes of breast cancer that affect both prognosis and treatment. These triple-negative cancers have a poorer prognosis compared with other types of breast cancer.

    People of MSK

    As discussed previously, multiple studies have found an in vitro effect of 1,25 OH 2D3 on breast cancer cell lines including cell-cycle arrest 31,32 and regulation of downstream signaling pathways. This suggests that 1,25 OH 2D3 may effect the bone microenvironment. In , Garland et al. Subsequent studies have had mixed results.

    This relationship has also been explored in several large cohort studies. High vitamin D intake was associated with a statistically significant lower risk for premenopausal breast cancer odds ratio [OR] 0. Higher intake of vitamin D was associated with a lower risk for breast cancer in premenopausal women OR 0.

    Researchers have also examined the relationship between serum 1,25 OH 2D3 levels and breast cancer risk, both in prospective cohort studies and case-control studies. The majority of case-control studies found a statistically significant lower risk for breast cancer among women with higher circulating vitamin D levels.

    Where did the story come from?

    Oct 15 ; 8 Antiproliferative effect of vitamin A and D analogues on adult human keratinocytes in vitro. Felton S. Dipart Group. However, over-exposure to sunshine is linked to an increased risk of skin cancers, which have seen a sharp rise in the UK since the advent of cheaper travel, and package holidays.

    At this time, there have been only two randomized clinical trials exploring vitamin D levels and the risk of breast cancer. In the WHI, there was no reduction in the risk for breast cancer in women randomly assigned to take calcium 1, mg and vitamin D3 IU daily versus placebo. Lastly, there is some data for utilizing vitamin D in breast cancer treatment. Colorectal Cancer Colorectal cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related death in the US. It is the second leading cause when both sexes are combined. It is expected to cause about 50, deaths during In colorectal cancer cell lines, 1,25 OH 2D3 causes growth arrest of colorectal cancer cells.

    Vitamin D also modulates apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells. Angiogenesis appears to be regulated by vitamin D in vitro. In colorectal carcinoma cultures, vitamin D has also been found to modify both phase I and II enzymes involved in reduction, oxidation, hydrolysis, and conjugation—all important for the removal of compounds that may contribute to the formation of cancer. There is a substantial amount of epidemiologic literature that examines the relationship between vitamin D and the risk for colorectal cancer.

    Garland and Garland published a paper in that proposed an inverse relation between latitude and colorectal cancer mortality. The trial's primary outcome measure was progression-free survival—the time until the disease began to worsen, or death—which was longer in the high-dose group.

    Vitamin D supplements aren’t living up to their hype

    Another measure that was calculated—the hazard ratio for disease progression or death—revealed 36 percent lower odds in the high-dose group. The researchers also sampled patients' blood to measure changes in the levels of hydroxyvitamin D [25 OH D], which is a standard test to determine a person's vitamin D status. This test showed that only 9 percent of the patients in the clinical trial had sufficient vitamin D at the beginning of treatment. Over the course of the study, patients receiving low-dose had no substantial change in their vitamin D levels, while those in the high-dose group soon reached the vitamin D-sufficient range and maintained it.

    Analysis of the results showed that the benefit of high-dose vitamin D appeared to be less in patients who were obese, and those whose tumors contained a mutated KRAS gene, suggesting "that certain subsets of patients may need even higher doses of vitamin D for anti-tumor activity," the researchers said. They cautioned, however, that high doses of vitamin D shouldn't be taken except within the context of a clinical trial. The study and its findings are "extremely important," Ng said, because "it identifies a cost-effective, safe, and easily accessible agent as a potential new treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer.

    This could therefore potentially have a large and wide-reaching impact globally, regardless of a patient's socioeconomic status or a country's resources. Explore further. Please sign in to add a comment. Registration is free, and takes less than a minute. Read more.

    High-Dose Vitamin D Beneficial for Colon Cancer Patients

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