The Impact of Science on Society
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In the last one century, million people have been killed in wars, which is without precedent in any previous century.
The Impact of Science on Society
So, does humanity deserve to have the knowledge which science is generating? We do not let children play with fire, for they might set the whole house on fire or burn themselves. And is not humanity in that state, without wisdom? Is it then responsible for scientists to generate knowledge, giving more and more power, without the wisdom to use it rightly?
Responsibility from a theosophical point of view is universal responsibility. We are living in a scientific age, but what is so great about the scientific age? Have we used the discoveries of science to be more protective, kind and gentle, to bring about greater prosperity and peace? We have been at war for thousands of years, but we now have nuclear weapons.
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Is the new knowledge, which is a new step, in the right direction? Through genetic engineering we might develop new power, but can we ensure that we will use that power for the benefit of mankind and for the earth at large? We cannot ensure that. If we cannot, is it responsible? Yet, all the nations of the world are spending huge amounts in developing scientific knowledge, as if that is our priority. Are the problems of humanity today caused by not having sufficiently fast aeroplanes or computers? Of course not.
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The problems exist because of lack of understanding of life and the psychologically primitive state in which we find ourselves. That is something which has already happened in the last century. So, why do science? Of course, we should distinguish between science and technology. Science is the quest for truth about Nature.
Its aim is not to produce technology, but to understand how Nature works and discover the tremendous order and intelligence operating around us.
If Nature were chaotic, if sometimes a stone went up and sometimes down, then there would be no science. But definite causes produce definite effects, and that is why science is possible. The scientist does not create order, he merely studies it. We are living in a very intelligent universe. A million things take place in perfect order within our body without any conscious voluntary effort on our part, but we have not discovered order in consciousness, which is virtue, peace of mind, love, happiness, compassion, freedom from conflict, non-violence.
And the quest for truth, and wisdom, which is the essence of Theosophy, is the quest for order in consciousness, and coming upon virtue.
So humanity has succeeded in the quest for science, because there is order already there. Newton only discovered gravitation, which existed a million years before Newton and will exist a million years hence. The laws of Nature are independent of the scientist.
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If you ask why Nature is ordered, the scientist cannot answer. I observe and find that order there and I am studying the laws that govern that order.
Technology is a by-product of science, but science itself is the quest for truth about Nature. Before Faraday, who discovered electromagnetism, it was thought that electricity and magnetism are two completely separate things. He was very excited about this new discovery. Of what use is a new-born child?
The Impact Of Science On Society
But that was not the reason why Faraday discovered electromagnetism; he was just studying Nature. Human beings use the knowledge gained by science and decide what kind of application to make of it. If there is wisdom, we will not use knowledge for destructive purposes. And if there is no wisdom, we are violent and selfish, and use knowledge in a destructive way.
History shows that man has used it and is still using it primarily for destruction rather than for construction, bringing our planet and our lives to a level of danger which never existed before. Scientists are pointing out that the third world war would be the last, if it takes place. So is there anything we can learn from science as Theosophists interested in wisdom, in coming upon a deeper understanding of life and of ourselves?
Scientific knowledge is said to be value-neutral. But one must discover what is called the scientific spirit, for the spirit is always more important than the technique, the knowledge or the method in any activity. Although in society we have valued scientific knowledge and its application as technology, we have not really valued the scientific spirit, without which it is wrong to call ours a scientific society. We are an unscientific society.
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All this is not scientific. War is not scientific in spirit. This is also true of many things in our life. There is the spirit of religion, which is wisdom, and there is the outer form or structure of religion: the rituals, the manner of praying, the beliefs and so on. Without the spirit, rituals become hollow, empty.
There is the spirit of art, which is the sensitive perception of beauty in sculpture, painting and so on, and there is the technique. You can learn the technique, but if you do not have the spirit, you do not become a true artist. There is the spirit of education, the vision, and there is the technique of education, depending on whether education is regarded as merely training somebody to earn a living, or as meant to draw out his entire potential.
If there is no vision, the technique, the method, and the steps go wrong. The path becomes mechanical. So what is this scientific spirit? What can we learn from science which is precious? To understand this, let me take the example of the particular science I am familiar with, which is fairly basic to all science, that is, physics.
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It begins with observation, for understanding any phenomenon in Nature calls for careful observation, honest documentation and measurement, and recording. Then having collected a lot of data about the phenomenon, you look for correlations among them. From empirically found data, correlations between two variables are established, and then guessing what is the underlying reality which would cause those correlations. Whenever scientists talk about theory, about reality, they are talking about an imaginary model of the underlying reality.
The students will be instructed to focus on the topic in which they are most interested that will be the focus of their field trip report.
John 4 THE IMPACT OF SCIENCE ON SOCIETY Knox regarded comets as evidence of divine anger, and his followers thought them "a warning to the King to. Science and technology have had a major impact on society, and their impact is growing. By drastically changing our means of communication, the way we work .
The class will travel to the Centro de Oceanario at the University of Lisbon to meet in small groups with scientists that study the impact of global warming on the ocean and marine life. Students will summarize their meeting in their field trip report and will discuss their topic of interest with the researcher to gain additional insight into the problems they identified and the solutions that they suggest.
Academic Objectives: 1. To learn about the diversity and complexity of the oceanic ecosystem by direct observation at the Oceanario. To learn about the impact of global warming on the oceanic ecosystem and marine life from exhibits and lectures. To meet researchers from the Centro de Oceanografia to learn, first hand, the nature of their research on the impact of global warming on climate and on marine biology. You are using an old version of Internet Explorer. Our site is developed with the latest technology, which is not supported by older browsers We recommend that you use Google Chrome for accessing our or any website.