Nucleic Acids, Part D

Learn About Nucleic Acids and Their Function
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  • Nucleic Acids, Part D 1971
  • Navigation menu
  • Nucleic acids
  • Targeting of Nucleic Acids — Universite Cote d'Azur
  • Browse issues
  • 1st Edition

    • Important molecules for biology

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    Stock Image. Colowick, Lawrence Grossman, Kivie Moldave. Published by Academic Press, The hydration usually involves single water molecules connecting the strands. However, connection via pairs of water molecules, with varying interchange between these forms, may allow greater structural flexibility in the DNA and interactions with specific proteins [ ]. Water molecules hydrogen-bond by donating two hydrogen bonds, so bridging between thymine 2-keto s and adenine ring N3 s in sequential opposite strands that is, not paired bases.

    Nucleic Acids, Part D 1971

    This water has been called cross-strand bridging water CSBW and appears to be necessary for charge transfer hole transport between separated guanine bases down the DNA duplex [ ]. CSBW water is fully hydrogen bonded by accepting two further hydrogen bonds from secondary hydration water, so fixing the primary hydration water more firmly in place such that they exchange slower 0.

    Molecular Cell Biology. 4th edition.

    The primary hydration may occur regularly down the minor groove connecting the strands and is chiral even in the liquid state [ ]. Such water molecules shield the double helix and protect it from excess heat and UV photo-damage [ ].

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    Transcription factor binding to the minor groove is accompanied by loss of this water [ ]. A further cooperative effect is through the secondary hydration.

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    The minor groove has a complex hydration pattern including water hexagons from the initial spine of hydration above through secondary hydration out to the 4th aqueous shell [ ]. Such solvent interactions are key to the hydration environment, and hence its recognition [ ], around the nucleic acids and directly contributes to the DNA conformation. They act together with the positively charged counterions, to give a complex sequence-dependent electrostatic environment and capable of specifically interacting with biologically important ligands [ ].

    B-DNA possessing higher phosphate hydration, less exposed sugar residues, and smaller hydrophobic surface, is stabilized at high water activity whereas A-DNA, with its shared inter-phosphate water bridges, is more stable at low water activity.

    Nucleic acids

    In contrast to B-DNA, A-DNA possesses a hollow core down its axis where water can create a hydrogen-bonded structure linking to the bases from the side of the major groove as shown above [ ]. The processing of the genetic information within DNA is facilitated by highly discriminatory and strong protein binding. It has been shown that the interfacial water molecules can serve as 'hydration fingerprints' of a given DNA sequence [ ].

    The usual 'hydration fingerprint' of the DNA is disrupted by DNA damage, and this facilitates repair protein attachment.

    Nucleic Acids - Part 1

    The hydration spine see above is capable of carrying messages, as facilitated proton movement down the water wire, between binding sites in a similar, if complementary, manner to the electron transfer through the DNA residues [ ] and so coordinate the repair process. The primary driving force for the specificity of protein binding is the entropy increase due to the release of bound water molecules estimated at 3. Less perfect that is, weaker binding involves mainly secondary hydration water loss and so would allow sliding of the protein along the DNA [ ], facilitated by the remaining primary hydration water molecules [ ].

    Targeting of Nucleic Acids — Universite Cote d'Azur

    However, changing just one base out of the recognition sequence leaves those water molecules mostly unaffected and only little different from Eco RI non-specifically binding to DNA [ b ]. Thus, the key to the formation of specific links between proteins and DNA is that the interfacial water molecules allow the protein facile movement along the binding cleft while retaining contact information [ ].

    Final binding makes use of both direct and water-mediated hydrogen bonds; for example, the restriction endonuclease MspI makes specific connections with all eight bases in the four base pair recognition sequence 5'-CCGG-3' and complementary 3'-GGCC-5' , by six direct and five water-mediated hydrogen bonds and thirteen water-mediated links to the phosphates [ ].

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    Protein sliding along the DNA is assisted by uniform complementary electrostatic interactions between the positive protein and negative DNA as moderated by the intervening water, whereby the protein follows the helical pathway of the groove rather than jumping between the major groove and the more negative minor groove [ c ]. Where negative charges exist on the protein that create unfavorable binding electrostatics, the similar charges may be screened, as shown right. It is essential that a balance of positive and negative charges exist to ensure that the binding is generally not too strong, so avoiding excessive binding friction except where required.

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    The Polish precision attempted while the Web level was depicting your staff. Short DNA molecules composed of alternating purine-pyrimidine nucleotides especially Gs and Cs adopt an alternative left-handed configuration instead of the normal right-handed helix. Serena rains at its best in exception when you can affect nearly in a quality and system labels Criminal on the technical message of the fencing delicacies. Gibson ; Guillen A device or kit for detecting a nucleic acid according to the second embodiment, of the present invention comprises: a carrier e that holds a dye which can bind to a nucleic acid and which comprises an opening openable by external force to discharge the dye; a path f for introducing the discharged dye to the evaluation part d below; and an evaluation part d for holding the introduced sample, observing a substance with visible light, and evaluating the presence of a nucleic acid by eye, the substance being produced by the reaction between the dye introduced from the carrier e via the path f and the held sample. The color tone of the sample solution changes to a blue or solid color by the presence of nucleic acid amplification, and visual evaluation was easily made.

    So they're actually made of polymers of strings of repeating units, and the two most famous of the nucleic acids, that you've heard about, are DNA and RNA. And nucleic acids in the cell act to actually store information.

    1st Edition

    Nucleic Acids, Part D [1] Nucleic acid structure analysis by polarographic techniques [3] Chromatography of nucleic acids on hydroxyapatite columns. Nucleic Acids, Part D: Volume 21 by Nathan P. Kaplan, , available at Book Depository with free delivery worldwide.

    The cell encodes information, much like you recorded on a tape, into nucleic acids. So the sequence of these molecules in the polymer can convey "make a protein", "please replicate me", "transfer me to the nucleus