Design with Nature (Wiley Series in Sustainable Design)
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Table 1: Summary data for engineering geological maps and plans revised and updated from Dearman and Fookes There are some fundamental types of GIS-zoning maps at various scales for engineering, georesources and planning purposes e. Table 2: Basic information data to be recorded on an engineering geological map updated from Griffiths, Concerning the communication and dissemination of geological information in urban areas planning, Marker raised several important issues: i development should be carried out balancing social, economic and environmental impacts in planning policies and decisions supported by sustainability and environmental appraisals, site investigations and public consultations; ii scientific and technical ability should be harmonised with social and economic data, such as geoscience data on mineral, water, soil and conservation resources; ground conditions for development; areas potentially affected by hazards; sources of emission to the air, soil and water; and potential waste management sites; iii many participants in the planning process have limited understanding of geoscience issues; iv diverse audiences require customised results in straightforward language with good illustrations and local examples.
In addition, geoscientists, engineers, Earth-related professionals and planners should use maps and GIS because these are good means of communication, but careful explanation is necessary; v dissemination needs early and continuing engagement with stakeholders and often needs to be repeated. Engineering geological mapping needs to advance towards an insightful cartographic reasoning concept established on geomatic techniques, fieldwork, engineering geosciences, Earth-based systems conceptualisation and numerical ground modelling, among others.
A comprehensive integrated study of urban geoscience was carried out at two selected urban sites of NW Portugal the cities of Vila Nova de Gaia and Penafiel. The study coupled GIS-based mapping with urban geotechnical and groundwater assessments, respectively.
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Thematic maps were prepared from multi-source geodata, namely remote sensing, morphotectonic and geological mapping, as well as geotechnical and hydrogeological field surveys. The basic techniques of mapping, engineering geosciences, applied geomorphology, and applied hydrogeology were applied at the study sites e. The thematic maps are developed by using all the layers and inputs. Subsequently, the information is embedded in GIS software and geodatabases.
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Finally, these outputs and the data analysis will support the framework of modelling issues e. Figure 3: Conceptual flow chart of the engineering geological map for urban geoscience and municipal planning. Application tool to create hyperlinks between features line, point or polygon and other files; 2. Database related to ground investigation information; 3.
Geotechnical borehole datasheet; 4. Geotechnical inventory datasheet field and desk data ; 5. Detailed investigation works mapping with geological background information. Pedro da Afurada and Canidelo sites.
In addition, there are significant historical records of rock fall activity in the region e. In this region typical slope failure mechanisms result in a range of failure types e. Vila Nova de Gaia is one of the largest cities in Portugal, with a continuous need for urban development and expansion.
Design with Nature
The Porto and Vila Nova de Gaia urban areas are built along the hillsides on a littoral platform characterised by a quite regular planation surface dipping gently to the West. The bedrock is mainly composed of phyllites, micaschists, gneisses and granites, while post-Miocene alluvial and Quaternary marine deposits dominate the sedimentary cover. The hydrogeology of Vila Nova de Gaia region is mainly dominated by a diverse of groundwater units such as overlying sediments, weathered rocks, weathered—fissured zones, and fractured hard-rock crystalline substratum.
A, B Geographical setting and geological background with the main location of unstable rock slope sites; C 1. Pinto , 2. Photo of Guindais rock slope, before kindly shared by the archaeologist Sandra Salazar Ralha , 3. Afurada rock slopes Rua da Praia, near the S. Pedro da Afurada parish , 4. Rock fall slope failure from Afurada scarp [August ]; D Preliminary engineering geosciences mapping of Vila Nova de Gaia riverside downtown; E Schematic cross-section of the studied rock slope area slopes A, B, C and the basic solution of stabilization adopted.
The photos were taken during the stabilisation works and after the stripping of the rock mass July to August The Afurada rock-mass exposure is formed of medium to fine grained, two-mica sheared granite, which outcrops slightly to moderately weathered W2 to W3 and locally highly weathered W4. The total slope length has an extension of The preliminary failure susceptibility of the rock slope was evaluated in terms of the computed SMR [Slope Mass Rating] values. For the studied slope sections, the SMR index pointed to a range of 45 to 53 with instability behaviour of IIIa and IIIb types, which can be classified as fair rock slopes.
That coastline comprises a dynamic transition between the marine environment and the terrestrial environment.
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The Lavadores site is characterised by a mixed coastal system comprising rocky platform with boulders and megaboulders, sandy beaches, breakwaters and groins. The regional geology of the Lavadores site is comprised mainly of medium to coarse-grained granitic rocks and gneisses. Beach profiles P1 and P2 were based on the revised Udden-Wentworth scale to describe the size of boulders and block size of other large rocks.
The coastal geomorphic mapping includes a boulder mobility analysis, geoforms inventory and boulder pathways. At the Lavadores site a coastal boulder evaluation was made with some identified boulder mobility pathways and their profiles plotted. That approach led to defining a coastal geoscience zoning map based on applied geology, coastal geomorphology and in situ geomechanical investigations, as well as coastal dynamics and rock boulder mobility.
The combined interdisciplinary methodology proved valuable to an enhanced understanding of ground nature and geohazards assessment along a riverside downtown and a coastal shoreline near the Porto and Gaia urban areas. The regional geology comprises Variscan granitic fractured bedrock.
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The crystalline basement is also crosscut mainly by dolerite dykes, aplite-pegmatite and quartz veins. Locally, the geomorphology is characterised by steep slopes and entrenched valleys. The drainage network reveals this tectonic control, which imposed morphostructural features on the area.
The outcrops and underground rock masses mapped range from slightly to moderately weathered rock W to W3 , with highly weathered W outcrops observed in the surrounding upper slopes. The rock scanline surveys related to the discontinuity surface conditions can be summarised as: i fracture intercept F is mainly wide to moderate spacing F2-F3 ; ii aperture varies from open to closed, iii persistence is low to moderate; iv presence of clay and gouge infillings; v plane to undulating surfaces, low roughness and iron-stained; vi rock uniaxial compressive strength is low to moderate S4-S3 ; and vii Geological Strength Index GSI , based on rock structure versus discontinuity surface condition, ranges typically from i.
The Monte do Fogo-Santa Marta groundwater systems were assessed by integrating several techniques taking advantage of GIS-based mapping.
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Design with Nature Wiley Series in Sustainable Design Description Please continue to the next page This is a new paperback version of a text, originally published in , that outlined the principles of urban design from an environmental perspective. More Details Similarly, ecophobia refers to an unreasonable but deeply conditioned disgust for or reaction against natural forms or places. Jul 24, Briana rated it really liked it. The speed at which one moves through an environment, whether rural or urban, impacts the level of observable detail and the perceived scale of buildings and spaces. Some relevant process and anecdotal information, nestled within a book that has a weird angry anti-human anti-development tone. Kasumi, M.
Sort order. Shelves: work. A hell of a resource if you're ever put in charge of colonizing a new planet. McHarg alternates between case studies and philosophic chapters that veer towards pantheistic. Many of the revolutionary ideas and techniques McHarg writes about are now common practice, but it's still an interesting read for anybody with an interest in cities. May 16, Jingyan rated it it was amazing.
Informative, alarming, practical and inspiring view on the relationship between earth and human, first printed 45 years ago. In , the author was awarded the National Medal of Art by the President Bush who stated then: "I hope that in the 21st century the largest accomplishment of art will be to restore the earth. It shows the way for the man who wou Informative, alarming, practical and inspiring view on the relationship between earth and human, first printed 45 years ago.
It shows the way for the man who would be the enzyme of the biosphere- its steward, enhancing the creative fit of man-environment, realizing man's design with nature. Mar 19, Ahn Mur rated it really liked it. Taken as a whole, the prose can be lofty and is, in certain parts, somewhat dated having never been updated , but generally it is both detailed and philosophical: a kind of walk through the woods with Ian McHarg.
It gives an excellent understanding of the foundation of environmentally-sensitive planning. He introduces Ian McHarg, the author of the book, as a far more than a town planner and landscape architect: as an ecologist. Design with Nature, Mumford postulates, lays the groundwork for the future and for the hope of mankind to develop a new methodology in approaching the natural world. Design with Nature was a thoughtful meditation. There were aspects of the prose relating to its historical context that I did not agree with, particularly low density development.
I would be interested to see the book interpreted with a modern lens.
Editorial Reviews. From Library Journal. LJ's reviewer boldly contended that this " may well be one of the most important books of the century." Blending. important to America and all the rest of the world in our struggle to design In the twenty-five years since it first took the academic world by storm, Design With Nature has done much to redefine the fields Wiley Series in Sustainable Design.
How modern technological resources could be used and how further developed ecological scientific understanding might influence the physiographic determinism approach would be particularly helpful. Nevertheless, I found reading Design with Nature to be very useful and, especially, inspiring.
It is a voice of bravery in a world of economic savagery. Of course, there's no doubt that "Design with Nature" is a landmark publication in regional planning and landscape architecture, fusing the two masterfully. It contains a cohesive design vision for incorporating an understanding of nature into the ethos of civilization and its development processes. It also demonstrates an influential approach for architecting entire regions, namely overlaying transparent maps with different geographic criteria to analyze the holistic suitability of diffe Well It also demonstrates an influential approach for architecting entire regions, namely overlaying transparent maps with different geographic criteria to analyze the holistic suitability of different land use.
Assuming it was novel at the time, the influence on how we manage regional information with geographic information systems either cannot be understated, or was just so clearly just a key form of analysis that it was reinvented again and again, or most likely a combination of these things that will be impossible to untangle historically.
I don't know if time has worn on it well. I found it to take an undue effort to get through, especially given that I'm generally quite engaged by ecological design and related subjects.
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