Giants, Fairies and Boggarts: In Northern England
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We can assume, then, that Shaw did not invent a rolling woolen boggart. It is always possible that Shaw had read about the redcap, though I have not yet found such an early reference and the creature is quite obscure even in modern fairy works.
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It looks very much as if Shaw has recorded a tradition here that can be paralleled, but only by obscure sources, sources that he is unlikely to have known. Is then the diel [devil] a witch? This is dense: Will of Delph and Bump are solitary fairies or boggarts from around Delph in Saddleworth.
As inhabitants of upper Saddleworth would have known, Slackgate is a house above the hamlet of Slackcote where a stream feeding the Tame runs. Now what reader in nearby Oldham, let alone in London, could possibly be expected to make sense of this? It is necessary to understand where Slackgate is, where the Tame runs, and the associated folklore convention that running water can block certain bogies.
This suggests a specific local tradition to which Shaw has only to nod for his local audience to follow. It should be noted that Shaw is difficult not just for us; his work caused difficulties for later nineteenth-century and early twentieth-century Saddleworthians as well. Reduced to its essentials, the story is that Moss is driven from Saddleworth by the noise of bells fairies, as noted above, hate noise. She then goes to live with Todmore, a local giant, and together they head to where the town of Todmorden is today: Todmore is clearly an onomastic device to explain the town name.
The problem is the hermit. Who is he? The point is that even Bradbury and, perhaps more strikingly, the quintessential Dalesman Wrigley got confused over Shantooe Jest. It can be noted, in passing, that the giant Todmore is the least convincing of all of the supernatural creatures in the poem: he is clearly derived from a learned or popular etymology of the town of Todmorden to the north of Saddleworth.
Yet it seems unlikely that Shaw invented Todmore. Of course, none of this is to say that Shaw did not change traditions in Shantooe Jest. What should be clear from the preceding discussion is that, on three counts, Shantooe Jest appears to be reporting authentic traditions: the poem includes traditions attested by other writers; it includes fairylore details that Shaw would have been unlikely to invent; and it is allusive in such a way that suggests shared traditions in the local community.
Thomas Shaw was faithful to the traditions that were handed down to him. Yet one cost of his loyalty was that he wrote a difficult poem which could likely not be understood of his own locality; in fact, he was only read in Saddleworth and parts of east Lancashire in the nineteenth century.
In Shantooe Jest, Thomas Shaw describes a Saddleworth storyteller, Robert Dillrume, but, in writing the poem, he had become a literate tradition bearer. Clegg, Wrigley tells another story of how an uncle left Shaw three pounds and a pig in his will and Shaw sold the pig for a pound and then went and spent all the money immediately on ale, despite the protestations of his aunt The Wind It is difficult to know what to make of this, though this habit might reflect his alcohol consumption.
Burns is very likely behind the mysterious name Shantooe Jest.
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The earliest substantial description of the boggart comes in William Thornber, The History of Blackpool and Its Neighbourhood Poulton: Smith , 38, and John Harland and T. There are two important collections of stories. There is an early twentieth-century collection, which was only printed in the s, H. Morton All About Boggarts York Supernatural Studies 21 8. Note that John Higson was an important Lancashire antiquarian of the nineteenth century, the author of many books. Did Bowker receive the poem from his friend Higson? Samuel Bottomley Greenfield: A Poem c.
Harland and Wilkinson, Lancashire Folklore, There is a long tradition of witches being magically summoned to the houses of their victims. The author, in an email exchange, wrote that she learnt this story from her father: thanks to Martin Shough for this reference.
GOBLIN TALES OF LANCASHIRE.
Croker was much read in nineteenth-century England. Bradbury puts this section in quotation. Note also that Moss seeks out Todmore when the bells begin to ring: Todmore does not seek out Moss. Always assuming the two are incompatible! Is a fairy hermit easier to imagine? Works Cited Bottomley, Samuel. Greenfield, A Poem. Bowker, James. Goblin Tales of Lancashire.
London: Swann, Sonnenschein, Bradbury, Joseph. Saddleworth Sketches.
The same root also gives us the word pixie. Roger himself was so powerfully influenced by the melody that he flung himself into the midst of the dancers, who welcomed him with musical cries, and he capered about until sheer fatigue forced him to sink to rest upon a flowery bank. He had not reached the fold, however, when he met Puck coming towards him, and in a fever of greedy anxiety he cried, 'Puck, I doubt thou'st spoiled yon horses! Spunk also means spirit. They were small in appearance and wore brown clothing.
Oldham: Hirst and Rennie, Briggs, Katherine. London: Kestrel Books, London: Routledge, Delph District Census Records, Hraesvelger corpse swallower. Jenny Greenteeth. A green scum on the surface of the water indicates her presence.
Bewitched by banshees? Fascinated by fairies? Charmed by changelings? If so, add this engrossing collection of folk tales from in and around northern England. Fascinated by fairies? Charmed by changelings? If so, add this engrossing collection of folk tales from in and around northern England to your reading list.
Lancashire, England. Anglo-Saxon: eoten. Kadaicha Man Aborigine tribe Luritja: retribution man. He walks without leaving tracks.
Kooshd'aa K'aa. A malignant being who can change himself into a human being, another animal, or anything. Children who might wander off alone are warned that the Kooshd'aa K'aa would wait from them, put them in a trance and take them away.
Tlingit Indians of Alaska. Llamhigyn y Dwr Welsh: the water leaper. Perthshire, Scotland. Shetland Isles. Make famous as a six foot tall invisible rabbit in the movie and play "Harvey. Cornwall, England.
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Tom Tit Tot. Tylwyth Teg Welsh: Fair Family. Valkyrie VAL-kee-ree chooser of the slain. The Kingdom of Faerie , by Geoffrey Hodson. London: Theosophical Publishing House, Chicago, S. Tlingit Stories , by Marie Ackerman. Labels: demons , England , faeries , fairies , folklore , gwen foss , Ireland , Isle of Man , magic , magical beings , Manx , mythology , Scotland , Shetland Islands , Wales , word lists. No comments:. Newer Post Older Post Home.
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Subscribe to: Post Comments Atom. Follow this blog. Ghost poop is My soul is drawn toward old Pendle, yon, with a love passing that of woman, heartless and passionless though the huge mass be. Ay, even so, for it looms yonder calm and unconcerned when we are ushered into the world, and when we are ushered out of it, and laid to moulder away under the mountain's shadow; and it will rear its bold bluffs to heaven and smile in the sunlight or frown in the gloom after we who now love to gaze upon it are blind to the solemn loveliness of its impassable face.
Poor perishable fools are we, with less power than the breeze which ruffles yon purple heather! With a heavy sigh Jeremy turned away from the window, and as the curtain fell behind him, and he stood again in the wretchedly-lighted room, he saw that he was not alone.
The chair in which the trembling hinds generally were asked to seat themselves held a strange-looking visitor of dark and forbidding aspect. There was an unpleasant tone of banter in this speech, which did not seem in keeping with the character of one who fain would pry into futurity; and as the wizard took his usual position beneath the crocodile, he looked somewhat less oracular than was his wont when in front of a shivering and terrified inquirer.
For five-and-twenty years thou hast been amassing wealth by duping credulous fools, and it is time I had my percentage. The wizard stared in astonishment.
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