Medieval Thought: The Western Intellectual Tradition from Antiquity to the Thirteenth Century

Medieval Thought The Western Intellectual Tradition From Antiquity To The Thirteenth Century
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Southern, Richard W. Western Society and the Church in the Middle Ages. Harmondsworth: Penguin, Spends a good deal of his time on the development of the papacy and the religious orders. Coulton, G. Five Centuries of Religion. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, Lawrence, C. Lawless, George, OSA. Augustine of Hippo and His Monastic Rule. Oxford: Clarendon, Butler, Cuthbert. London, repr. Daly, Lowrie. New York, Hinnebusch, William A.

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Randall Collins - - Philosophy of the Social Sciences 30 2 Emotions in Ancient and Medieval Philosophy. Simo Knuuttila - - Oxford University Press. Ancient and Medieval Theories of Intentionality. Dominik Perler ed. After Boethius, as the classical Greco-Roman world grew ever more distant, philosophy—and to some extent culture generally—entered a period of relative stagnation, a period that lasted until after the year The major philosophical figure in this period was John Scottus Eriugena [ 16 ] c.

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Curiously, the knowledge of Greek was still not quite dead in Ireland even at this late date, and Eriugena brought a knowledge of the language with him. At the Carolingian court, Eriugena translated several Greek works into Latin, including the very important writings of Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite more on him below , a work by Maximus Confessor also known as Maximus of Constantinople, c. Eriugena also wrote several other works of his own.

Among his translations, the writings of Pseudo-Dionysius are surely the most important and influential see the entry on Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite. Whoever he was, he claimed to be a certain Dionysius who is reported to have been among the philosophers on the Areopagus in Athens when St.

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Paul went there to preach Acts — Most of the audience on that occasion laughed at Paul and his novel doctrines. The Pseudo-Dionysian writings consist of four treatises and a series of ten letters. Both works were condemned, On Predestination soon after it was written. On the Division of Nature is a large, systematic work in four books, presenting a vision of reality in strongly neo-Platonic terms. The unfamiliarity of this kind of thinking in Western Christendom, which was strongly influenced by Augustine, no doubt contributed to his later reputation of being a heretic.

Then, shortly after the turn of the millennium, things began to revive. Education was part of this general revival, and with it philosophy. But after their numbers grow exponentially. It is no longer possible to treat them individually in chronological order; indeed, it is difficult to keep track of them all. As time goes on, the complications and the numbers only increase. His writings are not yet laden with the technicalities and jargon that make so much later medieval philosophy formidable and inaccessible to the non-specialist.

This development grows even more pronounced after Anselm.

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Medieval Thought: The Western Intellectual Tradition from Antiquity to the 13th Century (New Studies in Medieval History) (New Studies in Mediaeval History). giuliettasprint.konfer.eu: Medieval Thought: The Western Intellectual Tradition from Antiquity to the Thirteenth Century (): Michael Haren: Books.

By the early twelfth century, the revival of education that had begun shortly after the millennium was in full swing. During the first half of the century, the most important philosopher by far was undoubtedly Peter Abelard — see the entry on Peter Abelard. He was also one of the most colorful figures in the entire history of philosophy.

Yet his philosophy is strikingly original.

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His views on logic and what we would call philosophy of language are sophisticated and novel; indeed, he is a serious contender for the title of the greatest logician of the entire medieval period, early or late. He is one of the first nominalists, and certainly the first important one. He also wrote on theological topics such as Trinity. He was subject to ecclesiastical censure during his lifetime, a fact that no doubt contributes to the relatively few explicit citations of him in the later Middle Ages.

Nevertheless, it is undeniable that his influence was widespread. There are many exceptions to this generalization. And by the time of Anselm, the role of logical argumentation is beginning to grow. Certainly for Abelard the above generalization fails entirely.

Great Minds of the Western Intellectual Tradition, 3rd Edition

Nevertheless, a big change is about to occur. Prior to Abelard, philosophy in the Middle Ages had not been an exclusively academic affair. It had been addressed for the most part to any well educated reader interested in the topics being discussed. Soon, however, this all changes. Philosophy becomes an increasingly specialized discipline, pursued by and for those whose livelihood is found only in educational institutions.

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Medieval thought: The Western intellectual tradition from antiquity to the thirteenth century. Book Description Palgrave , Stephen Fisher added it Jul 24, This book is about a very unusual relationship, one that the biblical people of Israel understood well because they lived it. Part V continues to explore the meaning of the scientific revolution in our understanding of ourselves and the many problems that it raises.

Philosophy and theology become more clearly distinguished from one another; both become more systematic, rigorous and precise. These virtues are accompanied by an increasingly technical jargon, which makes so much late-medieval philosophy intimidating and formidable to non-specialist readers. As with the previous generalization, this one should not be regarded as a philosophical fault of the later authors; it is simply a different way of doing philosophy. What we see in passing from the earlier to the later Middle Ages is a transition from one to the other.

As part of the cultural revival described above, and from the late-eleventh century on, there was a new and increasing interest in having translations of previously unavailable texts, not all of them philosophical by any means. But, for whatever reason, new translations soon began to appear from:. The Spanish translators worked from Arabic texts.

After such a circuitous route, it is no less than amazing that the Latin Europeans were able to understand anything at all of these newly available Aristotelian works. Eventually the extensive and thorough commentaries by the Moorish Ibn Rushd in Latin, Averroes, —98 were translated from Arabic as well. These commentaries were extremely important in shaping the late medieval understanding of Aristotle, although some of the views contained in them became highly controversial.