Lipid metabolism

Disorders of lipid metabolism
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High density lipoproteins selectively promote the survival of human regulatory T cells. Eur J Heart Fail 11 9 —6. LDL receptor ligand. This has been shown to trigger the metabolic syndrome Cell Res 20 2 — Despite this T cells take advantage of the fact that products of the glycolytic, and linked pentose phosphate, and trichloroacetic acid pathways such as citrate and ribosephosphate are precursors of membrane and nucleic acids, both required for organelle biogenesis during proliferation. Gut 28 10 —7.

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Lipid Metabolism Disorders: MedlinePlus

Lipid Metabolism By Species. Lipid Metabolism by Signaling Pathways. Lipid Metabolism Background. Lipid Metabolism References. In this disorder, which manifests in adulthood, increased blood cholesterol and triglycerides are present due to an abnormality of a constituent of lipoproteins called apoprotein E. Treatment is similar to that required for familial hypercholesterolemia.

A deficiency of microsomal transfer protein causes abetalipoproteinemia, an autosomal recessive condition characterized by the virtual absence of VLDL and LDL.

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Triglycerides accumulate in the gastrointestinal tract and liver, and there are low blood levels of cholesterol , HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides. Persons with abetalipoproteinemia have severe fat malabsorption and develop neurological symptoms including unsteady gait, retinal defects, and nerve damage due to the deficiency of vitamin E.

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During prolonged starvation , the metabolism of fats stored in adipose tissue is needed for energy production. The oxidation of fatty acids for energy occurs in the mitochondria of liver cells and requires a carrier molecule, carnitine , which is synthesized in the body and is also obtained from the dietary intake of animal products such as meat , milk , and eggs. Some fatty acid oxidation disorders arise through dysfunction of carnitine transport enzymes , although most of these conditions are caused by fat-degrading enzymes directly involved in the beta-oxidation cycle itself.

In individuals with inherited disorders of carnitine transport, a deficiency of carnitine may cause severe brain, liver, and heart damage. Treatment with carnitine is partially effective.

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Fatty acid oxidation disorders are relatively common and as a group may account for approximately 5 to 10 percent of cases of sudden infant death syndrome SIDS. The disorders commonly manifest with hypoglycemia , liver disease, decreased muscle tone, and heart failure cardiomyopathy. Children with medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency MCAD appear completely normal, unless they fast for a prolonged period or are faced by other metabolically stressful conditions, such as a severe viral illness. During periods of metabolic stress, affected individuals may develop hypoglycemia, lethargy, vomiting, seizures, and liver dysfunction.

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Intravenous hydration and glucose must be given in a timely fashion, otherwise the disease can be fatal. Jump to: navigation , search. Lipid metabolism is the break down or storage of fats for energy; these fats are obtained from consuming food and absorbing them or they are synthesized by an animal's liver. Lipid metabolism does exist in plants, though the processes differ in some ways when compared to animals.

Lipogenesis is the process of synthesizing these fats. Lipid metabolism often begins with hydrolysis, which occurs when a chemical breaks down as a reaction to coming in contact with water.

Metabolism - Lipoprotein Metabolism - Chylomicrons, VLDL, IDL, LDL, & HDL