War economy, 1939-1942 (Australia in the war of 1939-45)

The British Commonwealth and Victory in the Second World War
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  • Northern Ireland and World War II | Irish history Live
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  • Northern Ireland and World War II
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  • World War II (1939-45)

    • The War in the Desert. The Dominions in the Desert. The Alliance in the Desert. A Curious Absence? Canada and the Desert War. Britain and its Dominions, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa, formed the most durable, cooperative and interchangeable alliance of the war.

    Northern Ireland and World War II | Irish history Live

    Iain E. Johnston-White looks in depth at how the Commonwealth war effort was financed, the training of airmen for the air war, the problems of seaborne supply and the battles fought in North Africa.

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    This cooperation was based upon a mutual self-interest that was largely maintained throughout the war. As the sentry was apparently unaware that the party was not genuine, a second attempt was made a week later. This time the sentry demanded to see their Army paybooks, so the escape party fled, although two were arrested.

    On 30 August the camp was the scene of "Operation Olympia", also known as the "Warburg Wire Job", another mass escape attempt.

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    A Concise History of Australia in the — War. Stalingrad turned into Germany's first major defeat in , and the North Africa stalemate ended, with the surrender of the Axis powers to the Allies in Tunisia. They passed through the gate, and then, wearing faked Luftwaffe uniforms, headed to an airfield near Kassel intending to steal a Ju 52, which Newborn had flown before the war, and fly home. At the time of its liberation on 29 April , there were 76, British prisoners in the camp, with officers. Authors and affiliations Iain E. The Militia was organised into infantry and horse-mounted cavalry divisions with fixed coastal fortifications positioned at strategic ports. The camp was burned between May 16 and May 25 and the last patients left the hospital on June 3.

    Skelton "Skelly" Ginn fused the perimeter floodlights, 41 prisoners carrying four foot 3. One ladder collapsed, so of the 41 involved, only 28 escaped the camp, and only three of those made it home. In September the British prisoners were transferred to other camps, and were replaced with Polish officers, with 1, brought from Romania, where they had been interned since September , and another 1, transferred from other camps in Germany. The British had begun an escape tunnel, and the Poles continued working on it, and on 20 September , 47 of them escaped. Within four days, 20 had been captured and returned to the camp.

    They were then transported to the Buchenwald concentration camp and executed. In the next few days 17 more were captured and taken to the Gestapo prison in Dortmund where they were killed. Only 10 managed to remain free, some returned to Poland, others finding their way to the Allied lines. Altogether prisoners died in Oflag VI-B. They are buried in the cemetery near the centre of the village of Dossel.

    A memorial was erected there in The barracks in the Landwehr Road was built in for the Wehrmacht. After the French campaign French prisoners of war were imprisoned here. They lived in 30 barracks, which were mostly built of wood. In each of the barracks surrounded by barbed wire lived people.

    A cruel irony is that of the POWs kept here were Jewish and allowed complete freedom of religion and non persecution although had they not been POWs their fate would certainly have been far worse as regular concentration camp bound trains passed the camp. It was located 2 km 1. The camp was created in September It consisted of an enclosure m ft square, surrounded with barbed wire and guard towers. After the failed Warsaw Uprising and "Operation Tempest" more prisoners were brought there from Poland.

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    By early the number of POWs held in the camp reached over 5, The camp was built in September to house Polish prisoners from the German invasion of Poland. The first prisoners arrived there on 18 October On 31 August Canadian officers captured during the Dieppe Raid arrived.

    Soon after their arrival the senior Canadian officer, Brigadier W. Southam, convened a conference which compiled an after action report on the Raid. This was recorded in shorthand in a notebook labelled "Shorthand Reading Exercises. Work began in December , but the rocky ground made digging difficult. The Germans found spoil from the tunnel and searched the camp, but failed to find it. Most of them headed south, towards Switzerland, sleeping by day and travelling by night. Eventually, all 65 were recaptured, but had occupied over 50, police, soldiers, home guard and Hitler Youth for a week.

    On 14 April , as the U. Army approached, the officers were marched out of the camp. Unfortunately, only a short distance from the camp the column was attacked by American aircraft, who mistook it for a formation of German troops. Fourteen British officers were killed and 46 were wounded.

    In a memorial plaque was erected by local German authorities at the site. The camp was liberated by the U.

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    Army on 16 April Within days the POWs were repatriated to their home countries. Located in Laufen Castle, in Laufen in south-eastern Bavaria from to Most of the prisoners were British officers captured during the Battle of France in The Oflag existed only for a short time. Previously, in September , after lengthy negotiations, elderly and sick prisoners were repatriated to Great Britain via Sweden.

    In April the count of internees in Laufen included British internees Channel Islanders and American civilians who had been trapped in Europe when war was suddenly declared in December Even though the camp housed civilians, it continued to be operated by the German Army. Notable POWs who were held here include briefly Colditz inmate and escape officer Pat Reid who was held for 3 months before escaping, being recaptured and sent to Colditz where he finally escaped to freedom from later.

    The camp was liberated in May Originally a Hitler Youth camp, in October it was modified to house about 15, Polish prisoners from the German September offensive.

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    By June most of the Poles had been transferred to other camps and replaced with Belgian and French troops taken prisoner during the Battle of France. At one time there were over 30, jammed into facilities designed for 15, In a separate compound was created to house Soviet prisoners. In 2, British Commonwealth soldiers came from the battles in Italy, and later in the same year an undefined number of Italian soldiers came from Albania. Finally in late December 1, Americans arrived, captured in the Battle of the Bulge.

    On 14 February the Americans and British were marched out of the camp westward in advance of the Soviet offensive into Germany. The camp, a former spa hotel, was opened in July and housed approximately 70 Allied generals and their aides. Among those officers imprisoned were 30 from Poland, 30 from France, 9 from the Netherlands, 1 from the United Kingdom, and a Colonel from Norway.

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    Soon after all the other prisoners were also transferred, and the camp was closed on 1 July It was located in a former Benedictine Abbey dedicated to Saint Hedwig of Silesia, that had been a military school between and , and used by the Nazis as a "National Political Educational Institution" from In April , most of the prisoners were transferred to Oflag 79 near Braunschweig and the camp was closed. They were escorted to the main gate by another prisoner, John Milner, dressed in a German officers uniform that had been found in an apparently forgotten set of attic rooms.

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    Australia in the War of – is a volume official history series covering Australian . Volume I – Royal Australian Navy, – – G. Hermon Gill ( ) . The volumes dealing with government and politics and the war economy. On 3 September Prime Minister Robert Gordon Menzies announced the beginning of Australia's involvement in the Second World War on every national.

    They passed through the gate, and then, wearing faked Luftwaffe uniforms, headed to an airfield near Kassel intending to steal a Ju 52, which Newborn had flown before the war, and fly home. Unfortunately, there were no suitable aircraft, so they decided to head to France and contact an escape line. After ten days they arrived at Frankenberg, but were challenged by soldiers suspicious of their uniforms.

    Speaking little German they were soon identified as escapees and arrested. Returned to Spangenberg, the three were each sentenced to fifty-three days in solitary. As a result of this, and other escape attempts, the camp was evacuated in October with all prisoners being sent to Oflag VI-B. The camp was reopened in January , and housed senior British Army officers, until being liberated in April It had the reputation of being one of the worst Stalags, especially when it was overcrowded in In December it was taken over by the Army and used to house Polish prisoners sent to work in the area, especially the salt mines.

    They were joined in June by French taken prisoner during the Battle of France, and in Yugoslavian prisoners arrived from the Balkans Campaign, mainly Serbs.

    World War II (1939-45)

    In the first Soviet prisoners arrived at the camp, and in after the armistice, Italian prisoners arrived. Finally, in late December , Americans captured in the Battle of the Bulge arrived. Approximately 4, U. Placed on swampy ground, with a damp, cold climate, it is one of the most notorious prisoner-of-war camps. Between and 1 million POWs of 46 nations passed through.

    Nearly 50, died there of hunger, disease, or were just simply murdered. Among the Italian prisoners, who were mostly soldiers who did not surrender to the German army after the Cassibile armistice, was journalist and writer Giovannino Guareschi, who wrote here La favola di Natale A Christmas Fable on Christmas, Marlag und Milag Nord, the camps for captured Navy personnel and civilian sailors respectively, were originally in two separate enclosures at the Sandbostel camp. They were moved to a different location closer to Cuxhaven, Westertimke, in Oflag X-B was opened in May , and was used to hold French officers captured during the battle of France.

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    The camp was roughly square, about m ft to each side. To the north of the road were seven prisoner accommodation blocks. Six were built of brick, while the seventh was wood. To the south were four more blocks; three were for senior officers, while the fourth housed their ordonnance "orderlies".