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Semen collected in the sequestrated prostatic urethra is aspirated with needle over which prostatic urethra is opened. A 6Fr endoscope is passed through the prostatic urethra distally to visualize the membranous urethra. The membranous urethra is opened perfectly under vision as distally as possible. Excision of the scar at the apex of membranous urethra is kept to minimum to preserve continence.
Mean age 14 5 to 36 yrs ,mean follow up 26 14 to 72 months. We then modified our technique of identifying membranous urethra through intraprostatic scopy and bulbo membranous anastomosis. The video is of an adult who underwent transpubic urethroplasty at age 7 for double block. As prostatic urethra was rudimentary bulbo vesical anastomosis was performed. He presented at age 18 years with pain after ejaculation.
He was reoperated using our modified technique. All children are continent and have good flow, 2 have occasional nocturnal dribbling. Double transection with injury at membrano-bulbar and prostate bladder neck junction requires two separate anastomoses to be performed. Postoperative continence is possible.
Our step wise technique improved continence rates to ensure proper preservation of the external sphincter. The rate of access-related complications for percutaneous nephrolithotomy PCNL has been estimated to be approximately Often, complications are the result of inadequate pre-operative preparation for PCNL or incorrect operative methods. In this video, we discuss several important risk factors as well as several tips to address access-related complications of PCNL.
Intraoperative risk factors for access-related complications are discussed at length. These include pre-operative considerations and anatomic considerations that would necessitate alternative forms of access, including CT-guided or laparoscopically-guided access.
Next, techniques to avoid problems at the time of establishing access are demonstrated and discussed in detail. Access-related complications are often encountered in patients who require pre-operative anticoagulation or in whom a urinary tract infection may be identified pre-operatively. Addressing these issues preemptively is imperative to patient safety. In certain cases, anatomic abnormalities necessitate laparoscopic or CT-guided access.
Finally, the main difficulties at the time of obtaining access for PCNL are discussed at length, including inadvertent vascular access, extravasation of contrast, guidewire kinking, obstruction of the access tract by a staghorn calculus, bowel injury, and pleural injury. Inadvertent vascular access is often addressed by redirecting the guidewire into the collecting system. In rare cases, use of the access sheath, or balloon, to tamponade bleeding, may be required.
Extravasation often necessitates re-puncture, while guidewire kinking may be rectified with the assistance of a rigid, open-ended catheter. Access for staghorn calculi may be achieved with the assistance of retrograde ureteroscopy, or maneuvering past the stone edge with a grasping forceps. Bowel injury should be addressed with drainage of the urinary tract separate from the bowel and broad spectrum antibiotics.
Finally, pleural injury necessitates rapid identification to ensure expedient placement of a chest tube. Access-related complications can introduce significant morbidity to an otherwise successful PCNL. We demonstrated some crucial skills to avoid the difficulties that are often encountered at the time of obtaining access, as well as several techniques that can be used in a timely fashion to address access-related injuries. Robotic assisted retrograde intra-renal surgery RA-RIRS with the Avicenna Roboflex allows safe, comfortable, and remote control, of all commercially available flexible ureteroscopes functions.
The Avicenna Roboflex allows user adjustable deflection scaling for greater tip control precision than is possible with manual flexible ureteroscope operation, where every 5 degrees of deflection movement deflects the tip 30 degrees.
For optimal ergonomics, a central wheel for deflection mechanism control was eliminated, assigning this function to a new grooved thumb-wheel incorporated into the bulb of the right hand control. In this video, these capabilities of RA-RIRS treatment are demonstrated with the Avicenna Roboflex coupled to a Storz digital flexible ureteroscope, for upper tract stones of different volumes, densities and compositions, and for the first time, in an upper tract urothelial tumor. Of sixty-eight consecutively treated patients, 62 met stone volume eligibility criteria The incremental improvements incorporated into the Avicenna Roboflex Master control console have increased operator control of key surgical procedural aspects, resulting in excellent single stage treatment outcomes for a wide range of stone compos?
Choledocolithiasis is a significant problem that can lead to severe cholangitis. However, this is not always possible when the patient has surgically altered anatomy or very large stone burden. Urologists can use our skills and technology to assist in these situations.
Rocha, J. Stable signals are generally obtained after 30 seconds of exposure. Sensor systems with fast response times should allow integration with controlling algorithms. Pels, P. Coulson, A. The surfaces can be switched reversibly to generate full adhesion-release cycles of the cells. Both Photoluminescence PL and Cathodoluminescence CL spectroscopy have been performed on the samples, focusing on large areas and on single nanowires respectively.
We report our technique and outcomes from our 15 years of experience with percutaneous transhepatic endoscopic biliary lithotripsy. Patients are selected by our gastroenterology colleagues who approach us for assistance when ERCP is not possible. We utilize a percutaneous transhepatic endoscopic approach in a combined procedure with interventional radiology. Most patient have a transhepatic biliary drain already in place. A wire is then placed through the tube into the biliary system and into the common bile duct. A French ureteral access sheath is placed under fluoroscopic guidance into the common bile duct.
A flexible ureteroscope is then guided through the access sheath into the biliary system. A holmium laser is used to fragment the stones. The stones can be subsequently retrieved or flushed into the intestinal tract.
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Over the year time period, a total of 26 procedures were performed on 18 patients mean age The indications were surgically altered anatomy in the majority of the cases that did not allow access via ERCP. Two of the patients had a large biliary stone burden which was too large to be managed by ERCP.
There were no Clavian grade III or higher complications. One patient developed cholangitis that resolved with administration of intravenous fluids and antibiotics. There were no instances of injury to the biliary system, pancreatitis, or need for urgent re-intervention at our institution. With a multidisciplinary approach and the correctly selected patient, percutaneous transhepatic biliary endoscopic lithotripsy is a safe and effective intervention for complex biliary stones. Endourologic urolithiasis techniques can play a role in the treatment of patients with choledocolithiasis not amenable to ERCP.
This improves patient care by decreasing the need for invasive surgery when ERCP is ineffective.
Dusting, use of high frequency and low pulse energy holmium laser settings, is performed during ureteroscopy but reports on this method to treat complex renal calculi via percutaneous nephrolithotomy PCNL are limited. We performed PCNL on a patient with spinal cord injury, urinary tract infection and a computed tomography scan demonstrating a left complete staghorn stone 5x3. The LSHP weighs grams, and has a stainless steel cannula with an inner lumen diameter of 3.
Laser fiber length is controlled via a manipulation wheel, with the fiber positioned in a working channel on top of the cannula. Suction is activated on the LSHP, and fragments are sucked into a collection container. PCNL took minutes to complete; total lasing time was The fiber tip was easily visible at the tip of the LSHP, with no failure of the device. We did not encounter any difficulty with fragment aspiration or clogging of the steel cannula or suction tubing. Ancillary devices included a basket to retrieve large fragments, and flexible nephroscopy was performed to dust an upper pole branch of the staghorn.
At the end, a 22F Malecot re-entry tube was placed. A nephrostogram on post-operative day POD 1 demonstrated a 4 mm residual fragment. Patient was discharged on POD 2. There were no complications; stone analysis demonstrated a struvite stone. Utilizing a Watt holmium system, we confirmed initial clinical feasibility and safety of DUST-PCNL to perform simultaneous lithotripsy and aspiration for effective stone clearance. An advantage of this method is versatility in treating a stone with both rigid and flexible endoscopy using a lightweight energy source.