The geology of South Australia Bulletin 54 The Phanerozoic
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Contents:
Many other deposits were known to occur but were so remotely located that their future utilisation was quite uncertain. This report on the iron ore resources of the State, all known bodies have been examined and described and many reputed to be of some magnitude were found to be insignificant in size. Other deposits, of which a list is provided, are also known to exist but were considered too small or too distant from railways and were therefore not inspected.
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This report deals with an important part of the mineral resources of the State, but includes only the materials of building construction , used in the condition in which they occur naturally. The first portion of the report is in the nature of a general discussion, the second describes individual deposits and their characteristics. This report deals with the most important factor of settlement in the drier regions, the occurrence of suitable underground water supplies. One of the most important results of the investigations conducted here was the recognition of the value of supplies of water that were formerly neglected, and in most instances passed by without testing during the progress of boring operations.
Bulletin 12 - Clay and Cement in South Australia. This report on the clay and cement resources of South Australia includes the the description of the deposits themselves and many detailed analyses of the clays and limestones that are placed sufficiently close to the present and future main centres of consumption to possess value as the raw materials of secondary industries.
Bulletin 13 - Pigment Minerals in South Australia. During the past twenty years attention has been directed to the natural resources of the State in pigment materials, and a considerable body of information based on official reports has been accumulated. This information was collated into this report together with additional information gathered during recent inspections.
Spatial data and desktop tools provided by this study dramatically reduce the cost of many environmental assessments and monitoring activities by greatly reducing the need for on-ground surveys. They are undoubtedly of Precambrian derivation. Summary Provide regional scientific summaries, mainly geological but including groundwater and mineral resources. International studies, hyper-links included below, confirm these findings and conclude that the proper placement of cement is more critical to achieving long term zonal isolation than cement deterioration. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 41, Twidale and Bourne, b. National Library of Australia.
This report with the explanatory sections that accompany the text serve a dual purpose, firstly the cross sections supplement in a useful way the geological map of South Australia published in Secondly the sections provide a useful source of reference for those who are developing underground water supplies. This report deals with a large tract of country lying on the margin of and beyond the land occupied by pastoral and mining interests, the position of which is such that prospecting operations into it have extended in the past and will extend in the future.
The geological information has provided information which has been reduced to map form for the guidance of prospectors. The map prepared shows the position of all tracks and boreholes as well as the geological features that determine the prospects of obtaining gold or other metallic minerals.
Segnit, R. This report on the geology of the northern part of the Hundred of Macclesfield and contains a detailed discussion of the rocks embraced within the Adelaide Series. The systematic mapping of this district has been performed in connection with the search for underground water, the occurrence of which is almost entirely dependent upon geological structure and the distribution of the rock types from which water of useful quality is obtainable. A chapter also deals specifically with the economic aspects of the geology of the district, with regard to road metal and building stone.
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Dridan, J. This report is on the underground water supply scheme now in operation to serve the town of Flinders Streaky Bay and Western Eyre Peninsula. The geology of the area and the mode of occurrence of the underground water have been described. The scheme presents many features which have no known parallel, and both the manner of investigation and the arrangement of the scheme will be of interest to geologists and engineers generally who are concerned with the provision of water supplies for other districts and towns. Bulletin 18 - The Precambrian-Cambrian Succession.
This report involved detailed geological mapping of the higher members of the Pre-Cambrian and lowest members of the Lower Cambrian rock systems in South Australia, together with a discussion of the economic significance of there formations. Systematic geological mapping of considerable areas has now made it possible to establish the full sequence on a sound basis, and thus to present an account of the whole of the later Pre-Cambrian formations in those areas from the base of the Sturtian Tillite to the limestones containing definite Cambrian fossils.
In illustration of the economic significance of these formations this report contains some detailed geological maps of selected areas where important mineral deposits occur including Burra, Kapunda, Ediacara, Mongolata and Mount Grainger. This report brings together information relating to underground water in the Sourt Eastern part of South Australia which was gathered over a number of years. Due to numerous problems with underground water supplies in the region it was considered important that a proper understanding of the mode of occurrence of groundwater, its origin and movement, as well as quantity and quality of the water stored in the rocks.
Dickinson, S. This report deals with investigative work relating to the structural control of ore deposition on some South Australian copper fields. The object of this work was to ascertain whether by intensive study of structural features of the ore bodies, any recommendation could be made in favour of further exploration or development of these fields that were productive in the past.
This report is one of a set of reports dealing with the structural control of ore-deposition on selected South Australian copper fields.
Publications
This report covered the whole field of oil search in South Australia both from the scientific as well as commercial aspects and stressed that further search for oil was a matter for an organisation with appreciable funds and expert technical staff. It was also believed that the adoption of the plan for oil search outlined in this report would lead to better understanding of the prospects and confine expenditure on further boring to the more tangible options. In this report the principles governing the storage of underground water are explained in some detail, including numerous maps and diagrams.
There is also a discussion on the composition of salts in the water and the significance of salinity in the utilisation of water for human consumption, watering stock, irrigation, industrial purposes and for engineering use. The general features of the artesian basins of South Australia are described and also the factors that determine the occurrence of groundwater supplies in parts of the State over which the artesian basins do not extend.
Miles, K. This report includes a detailed description of the geology of the South Para dam project, appended to the geological investigation report are others dealing with the nature and properties of rock materials at the proposed dam site. These investigations carried out during the period evaluated the geological conditions at the proposed dam site and within the proposed reservoir area, in so far that they may affect both the construction of a dam at the site and the capacity of the reservoir to retain impounded water. Barnes, T. This report dealt in detail with underground water in a large portion of the Murray River basin.
The area covered by the report is 3, sq. The report is accompanied by many tables and maps which would enable farmers to better understand how water is obtained from their own boreholes compared to other areas within the region. Bulletin 26 - Talc Deposits in South Australia. This report gives a general review of the development of the talc industry in the State, its uses, specifications, prices and market for talc.
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The industry was changing rapidly with increased demand and the introduction of mechanical equipment in the mines. South Australia supplied the greater proportion of Australian talc requirements and this publication was aimed at encouraging the largest possible use of these resources. This report deals with work carried out to ascertain the limits to which the fullest use could be made of the underground water resources of the Adelaide metropolitan area. These underground water resources are already extensively developed for irrigation and industrial uses and on some occasions groundwater was introduced into the mains to augment the metropolitan reservoir supplies.
This investigation has involved a comprehensive study of the origin and salinity of the underground waters and will afford a very practical guide to those utilising supplies already in the metropolitan area as well as provide valuable information on the possibilities of further exploiting the underground water resources. Gaskin, A. The survey comprised the inspection of the clay occurrences and the examination of samples by officers of CSIRO. The object of the work was to obtain information on the characteristics of the clays whereby it would be possible to plan more detailed investigations of the more promising materials, both in the laboratory and in the field.
It can be taken as a guide to the types of material available in SA and it is felt that it will help considerably to stimulate the development of the ceramic industries in this State. Sprigg, R. This report is a record of investigational work carried out in the South East Province of South Australia during , and It included geological studies relating to the proposed harbour sites at Robe and Cape Jaffa, the supply of quarry and dimension stone for roads, railways, harbour works and buildings and the search for oil.
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Bulletin 30 - Uranium Deposits in South Australia. Radium Hill is a focus of greatly increased igneous activity, with amphibolitized gabbros of two ages, aplitic microgranites, and rare-earth pegmatites being restricted to the immediate vicinity. There were several distinct periods of mineralisation, with uranium introduction being last. The uranium mineralisation post-dates the plug amphibolites, but pre-dates the microgranites and probably the dyke amphibolites. The source of the uranium is unknown, but the soda microgranites are a potential source.
The amphibolites seem to offer host conditions, in that uranium values are often concentrated in their immediate vicinity. Uraniferous lodes at Radium Hill occur as shear replacements and infillings along medium-high angled reversed fault or overthrust type fractures developed within a domed anticline northeast-southwest major axis in granitised meta-sediments. At least three major parallel fault shear zones have developed lodes along part of their length over a zone some ft long, and there are others relatively unmineralised.
A typical association of normal and transcurrent faults displaces the lodes at intervals, and the later also cause lode splitting and inhibit ore formation locally. The original shape of the overthrust shear planes, which exhibit central flattening - possibly in part related to doming influence have apparently resulted in a curved form of each of the orebodies being displaced horizontally relatively to the north-east. The lode lenses, therefore, have northwards pitch in the north and a southwards pitch is anticipated in the south.
Greatest lode widths appear to accompany broader changes in lode strike. Bulletin 31 - The Leigh Creek Coalfield.
This report is a record of the of the investigational work undertaken by the department over a 10 year period from August as a result of uncertainity of coal supplies from NSW in the early years fo the Second World War. The discovery of substantial reserves of shallow coal and the ability to utilise open cut mining methods led to the field becoming an important source of fuel for South Australia's rapidly expanding industrial economy.
Its development aroused interest both within and outside South Australia, and this record of detailed geological work will be of considerable value to all those interested in the development of new coal deposits. Aitchison, G. C reprinted version.
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The object of the work was to obtain information on the distribution of the different types of soils in order that engineers, architects, builders and other interested persons would be able to have guidance on the type of foundation construction best suited to the sites on which building is planned. This report deals comprehensively with the physiography, prospect geology, and ore genesis, and includes an assessment of the iron ore reserves and other mineral resources of an area which has been almost the sole source of the iron ore used in Australia's growing iron and steel-making industry since its establishment in Field surveys which have been carried out over a period of five years since , investigating the broader geological setting of the Middleback Range deposits, were supplemented by targeted geophysical surveys and detailed petrological and mineralogical studies, data and interpretations for which are included with the report.
Campana, B. This report is a detailed review of the regional geology and mineral resources of the Olary Province. The discovery of thorian-brannerite absite in the Crocker Well area in led to the establishment of an exploration camp and to a geological survey investigation which has extended over the past five years. The results of this investigation are set out in the present report. Part I dealt with regional geological setting in the Province and Part II includes conclusions reached in regional investigations and reviews the mineral resources of the area.
O'Driscoll, E. It includes an intensive survey of the groundwater resources of the southeastern portion of the State and is an important contribution to the study of the hydrogeology of Australian groundwaters. The State possesses a major economic asset in a large part of the area described in this report, in that underground water supplies are available for stock, domestic and irrigation. This report will provide a basis upon which an assessment of the potential of any particular are can be readily made will prove of great value to agriculturalists and pastoralists. Ludbrook, N. Knowledge of the Mesozoic in the Murray Basin proper is limited to two bores in the Loxton area which entered siltstones and mudstones below ft.
In the Gambier Sunklands an undetermined thickness of siltstones, mudstones and arkosic sandstones mainly of Lower Cretaceous occurs. Older rocks are everywhere overlain by Tertiary sequence rarely exceeding 1, in thickness in the basin proper but at least 4,ft thick in the Gambier Sunklands. Seventeen rock units are recognised in this sequence, the biostratigraphy of which is described in general terms.
Johns, R. A regional geological survey covered 15 standard 1-mile map sheets.