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Control - Once monitoring, identification, and action thresholds indicate that pest control is required, and preventive methods are no longer effective or available, IPM programs then evaluate the proper control method both for effectiveness and risk.
Effective, less risky pest controls are chosen first, including highly targeted chemicals, such as pheromones to disrupt pest mating, or mechanical control, such as trapping or weeding. If further monitoring, identifications and action thresholds indicate that less risky controls are not working, then additional pest control methods would be employed, such as targeted spraying of pesticides.
Broadcast spraying of non-specific pesticides is a last resort. Integrated Pest Management can contribute importantly to pesticide risk reduction by 7 :. Reducing reliance on chemical pesticides and encouraging the use of alternatives. Encouraging the use of reduced risk pesticides when pesticide treatment is necessary. Preventing pest problems through better crop management and maintenance of natural resources. Increasing farmer knowledge about agricultural pests and ecosystems.
A great deal of information about IPM is available on the internet and many universities, institutes and other bodies give practical advice and aid on various IPM programmes. This information can be of a general nature or relate to specific areas or crops Gladstone and A. Altieri and C.
Nicholls, Pontius, R. Dilts and A. Last modified 2 nd April Advanced Search. To Footprint Database. Home Integrated Pest Management.
The four steps include 6 : Set Action Thresholds - Before taking any pest control action, IPM first sets an action threshold, a point at which pest populations or environmental conditions indicate that pest control action must be taken. Every effort has been made to ensure that hyperlinks are active. In the case of broken links, or other comments concerning this website, please contact Dr J.
B Unsworth at unsworjo aol. Moreover, certain crop production intensification practices e. In order to protect their plants, farmers used to spray chemical products pesticides. However, these chemicals could have a negative effect on and cause serious damage to health and the environment as well as, sometimes, on to the health of the plant itself. IPM includes the necessary phytosanitary measures, monitoring and diagnostic system, good agricultural practices and the management of natural enemies with the minimum amount of pesticides when needed and of good quality.
CIAT also relies on the agrobiodiversity stored in our genebank at headquarters to find and develop crops with natural resistance to pests and diseases. Biological control is the use of natural enemies — predators, parasites, pathogens, and competitors — to control pests and their damage. Invertebrates, plant pathogens, nematodes, weeds, and vertebrates have many natural enemies.
Cultural controls are practices that reduce pest establishment, reproduction, dispersal, and survival. For example, changing irrigation practices can reduce pest problems, since too much water can increase root disease and weeds.
Jointly published with INRA, Paris. Pesticide resistance is becoming more frequent and widespread with more than insect species known to have become. Physical Control Methods in Plant Protection. Editors: Vincent, Charles, Panneton , Bernhard, Fleurat-Lessard, Francis (Eds.) Free Preview.
Mechanical and physical controls kill a pest directly, block pests out, or make the environment unsuitable for it. Traps for rodents are examples of mechanical control. Physical controls include mulches for weed management, steam sterilization of the soil for disease management, or barriers such as screens to keep birds or insects out.
Chemical control is the use of pesticides. In IPM, pesticides are used only when needed and in combination with other approaches for more effective, long-term control. Pesticides are selected and applied in a way that minimizes their possible harm to people, non-target organisms, and the environment. Crop varieties are domesticated and their continued cultivation depends on continuous breeding programs for insect, disease, and virus resistance, since large-scale monocultures are generally more susceptible to variable pathogens.
By using novel molecular tools such as metagenomics or LAMP in combination with classical phytopathology detection techniques, the time to identify and detect a pest or pathogen is significantly reduced. At the same time we are developing virtual platforms for the rapid communication of diagnostics and field survey results.
In , CIAT and partners released a new cassava variety under the name Nataima which was bred for high whitefly resistance, high yield and good cooking qualities. Nataima is now being grown commercially in several areas of Colombia, Ecuador, and Brazil. CIAT virologists have developed a diagnostic technique to efficiently detect the presence of viruses infecting cassava, including those ones associated with cassava frogskin disease CFSD. In response to the recent appearance of cassava mealybug in Indonesia , scientists from Bogor Agricultural University released about 3, wasps into a confined cage during September , with support from CIAT and FAO.
Crop Protection.
Plant pests and diseases spread in three principal ways: Trade or other human-migrated movement Environmental forces — weather and windborne Insect or other vector-born — pathogens. Your browser does not support iframes. What we do: We work to combat the following pests and diseases.
CIAT combats the most common diseases and their pathogens: Fusarium root rot or dry rot Fusarium solani f. At the time of its first report in , it was not yet considered a pathogen of economic importance in Colombia. However recent surveys indicate the virus may be re-emerging in this region.
BLCrV is a novel species of geminivirus a group of viruses that have twin-shaped viral particles and are transmitted by whiteflies , far related to the infamous Bean golden yellow mosaic virus BYGMV , which can is also present in Colombia.