Contents:
Every one or everyone? Except or except for?
Expect , hope or wait? Experience or experiment? Fall or fall down? Far or a long way? Further but not farther. Age Comparison: nouns more money , the most points Gender Piece words and group words Nouns Nouns and gender Nouns and prepositions Nouns: compound nouns Nouns: countable and uncountable Nouns: form Nouns: forming nouns from other words Nouns: singular and plural.
Noun phrases Noun phrases: complements Noun phrases: noun phrases and verbs Noun phrases: order Noun phrases: two noun phrases together Noun phrases: uses. Pronouns: possessive my , mine , your , yours , etc. Pronouns: reflexive myself , themselves , etc. Questions: interrogative pronouns what , who Relative pronouns Someone , somebody , something , somewhere That. Above After as a preposition and conjunction After or afterwards as an adverb.
Below referring forward in writing. Near as an adjective. Over as a preposition Over : typical errors Over as a prefix Over as an adjective: be over Over as an adverb. To : the to -infinitive. Until as a conjunction. Within : space Within : time. As … as As if and as though As long as and so long as As well as As.
Comparison: clauses bigger than we had imagined Comparison: comparisons of equality as tall as his father Contrasts. How Negation Neither, neither … nor and not … either Not Questions Questions: alternative questions Is it black or grey? Questions: two-step questions Questions: typical errors Questions: wh- questions Questions: yes-no questions Are you feeling cold?
Relative clauses Relative clauses referring to a whole sentence Relative clauses: defining and non-defining Relative clauses: typical errors.
Reported speech Reported speech: direct speech Reported speech: indirect speech. So and not with expect , hope , think , etc.
Such as. Cleft sentences It was in June we got married.
Inversion Made from , made of , made out of , made with No sooner Not only … but also Word order and focus Word order: structures. Downtoners Exclamations Hedges just Hyperbole. Area: length, width, depth and height Number Time. Geographical places Names and titles: addressing people Nationalities, languages, countries and regions Place names Sexist language.
Adverbs as short responses definitely , certainly All right and alright Chunks as frames Headers and tails Here and there Interjections ouch, hooray Intonation Just Kind of and sort of Oh Pronunciation Question: follow-up questions Questions: echo and checking questions Questions: short forms So: other uses in speaking Substitution Tags Yes.
British and American English Dialect Double negatives and usage Formal and informal language Newspaper headlines Register Slang Standard and non-standard language Swearing and taboo expressions. Finite and non-finite verbs Table of irregular verbs Verb phrases Verbs Verbs and verb phrases: typical errors Verbs: basic forms Verbs: formation Verbs: multi-word verbs Verbs: types. Be Be expressions be able to , be due to. Future: other expressions to talk about the future Future: be going to I am going to work? Imperative clauses Be quiet! Infinitive: active or passive? Infinitives with and without to.
Get passive Have something done Passive. Past Past continuous I was working Past continuous or past simple? Past perfect continuous I had been working Past perfect simple I had worked Past perfect simple or past perfect continuous? Past perfect simple or past simple? Past simple I worked Past simple or present perfect? Past verb forms referring to the present Past: typical errors Used to. Present Present continuous I am working Present perfect continuous I have been working Present perfect simple I have worked Present perfect simple or present perfect continuous?
Present perfect: typical errors Present simple I work Present simple or present continuous? The possibilities are endless. The important thing is to find activities that are both meaningful and enjoyable for you. One of the greatest challenges of aging is maintaining your support network.
Career changes, retirement, illness, and moves out of the local area can take away close friends and family members. And the older you get, the more people you inevitably lose. In later life, getting around may become difficult for either you or members of your social network. Along with regular exercise, staying social can have the most impact on your health as you age. Having an array of people you can turn to for company and support as you age is a buffer against loneliness, depression, disability, hardship, and loss.
The good news is that there are lots of ways to be with other people. Connect regularly with friends and family. Spend time with people you enjoy and who make you feel upbeat. It may be a neighbor who you like to exercise with, a lunch date with an old friend, shopping with your children, or playing with your grandkids. Even if you are not close by, call or email frequently to keep relationships fresh.
Make an effort to make new friends. Make it a point to befriend people who are younger than you.
Younger friends can reenergize you and help you see life from a fresh perspective. Spend time with at least one person every day. Phone or email contact is not a replacement for spending time with other people.
My time was the golden age of variety. If I were starting out again now, maybe things would happen for me, but it certainly would not be on a variety show with They looked at the diet of more than 1, Indian villagers aged 60 to 93 and found that those who ate curry even just twice a year scored.
Regular face-to-face contact helps you ward off depression and stay positive. Giving back to the community is a wonderful way to strengthen social bonds and meet others interested in similar activities or who share similar values. Even if your mobility becomes limited, you can get involved by volunteering on the phone. Find support groups in times of change. If you or a loved one is coping with a serious illness or recent loss, it can be very helpful to participate in a support group with others undergoing the same challenges.
While not all illness or pain is avoidable, many of the physical challenges associated with aging can be overcome or drastically mitigated by exercising, eating right, and taking care of yourself. Similarly, many older adults report feeling better than ever because they are making more of an effort to be healthy than they did when they were younger. Exercise helps you maintain your strength and agility, increases vitality, improves sleep, gives your mental health a boost, and can even help diminish chronic pain. Exercise can also have a profound effect on the brain, helping prevent memory loss, cognitive decline, and dementia.
Eat well. As you age, your relationship to food may change along with your body. A decreased metabolism, changes in taste and smell, and slower digestion may affect your appetite, the foods you can eat, and how your body processes food.
But now, more than ever, healthy eating is important to maintain your energy and health. Avoiding sugary foods and refined carbs and loading up on high-fiber fruits, vegetables, and whole grains instead will help you feel more energetic, while eating with others is a great way to stay in touch with friends. Get plenty of sleep.
Many adults complain of sleep problems as they age, including insomnia, daytime sleepiness, and frequent waking during the night. Developing healthy sleep habits as you age can help you ensure you get enough quality sleep each night. Make sure your bedroom is quiet, dark, and cool, avoid artificial light from screens for at least one hour before bed, and increase your activity levels during the day. There are many good reasons for keeping your brain as active as your body. Exercising, keeping your brain active, and maintaining creativity can actually help to prevent cognitive decline and memory problems.