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Details Pub Date: May 1, Discipline: Marketing. Length: 8, 5 layout page s , page s.
Professors Also Used. X We use cookies to understand how you use our site and to improve your experience, including personalizing content. Learn more. Sometimes these meandering words actually capture a straggling thought and bear it triumphantly, a prisoner in their midst, until it died of servitude and over work. Mencken concurred, "it reminds me of a string of wet sponges, it reminds me of tattered washing on the line; it reminds me of stale bean soup, of college yells, of dogs barking idiotically through endless nights.
It is so bad that a kind of grandeur creeps into it. It drags itself out of the dark abysm It is rumble and bumble.
It is balder and dash. Wilson had stated that the election would be a "great and solemn referendum" on the League of Nations, making it difficult for Cox to maneuver on the issue—although Roosevelt strongly supported the League, Cox was less enthusiastic. This was general enough to satisfy most Republicans, and only a few bolted the party over this issue. By October, Cox had realized there was widespread public opposition to Article X, and stated that reservations to the treaty might be necessary; this shift allowed Harding to say no more on the subject. The RNC hired Albert Lasker , an advertising executive from Chicago, to publicize Harding, and Lasker unleashed a broad-based advertising campaign that used many now-standard advertising techniques for the first time in a presidential campaign.
Lasker's approach included newsreels and sound recordings. Visitors to Marion had their photographs taken with Senator and Mrs. Harding, and copies were sent to their hometown newspapers. Telemarketers were used to make phone calls with scripted dialogues to promote Harding. During the campaign, opponents spread old rumors that Harding's great-great-grandfather was a West Indian black person and that other blacks might be found in his family tree. Wooster College professor William Estabrook Chancellor publicized the rumors, based on supposed family research, but perhaps reflecting no more than local gossip.
By Election Day, November 2, , few had any doubts that the Republican ticket would win. The Republicans greatly increased their majority in each house of Congress. Harding was sworn in March 4, , in the presence of his wife and father. Harding preferred a low-key inauguration, without the customary parade, leaving only the swearing-in ceremony and a brief reception at the White House.
In his inaugural address he declared, "Our most dangerous tendency is to expect too much from the government and at the same time do too little for it. After the election, Harding had announced he was going on vacation, and that no decisions about appointments would be made until he returned to Marion in December. He went to Texas, where he fished and played golf with his friend Frank Scobey soon to be Director of the Mint , then took ship for the Panama Canal Zone.
He went to Washington, where he was given a hero's welcome [e] when Congress opened in early December as the first sitting senator to be elected to the White House. Back in Ohio, he planned to consult the "best minds" of the country on appointments, and they dutifully journeyed to Marion to offer their counsel. After Charles G. Mellon , one of the richest people in the country; he agreed.
The two Harding cabinet appointees who darkened the reputation of his administration for their involvement in scandal were Harding's Senate friend, Albert B. Fall was a Western rancher and former miner, and was pro-development. Trani and David L. Wilson, in their volume on Harding's presidency, suggest that the appointment made sense then, since Daugherty was "a competent lawyer well-acquainted with the seamy side of politics Harding made it clear when he appointed Hughes as Secretary of State that the former justice would run foreign policy, a change from Wilson's close management of international affairs.
With the Treaty of Versailles unratified by the Senate, the U. Peacemaking began with the Knox—Porter Resolution , declaring the U. Treaties with Germany , Austria and Hungary , each containing many of the non-League provisions of the Treaty of Versailles, were ratified in This still left the question of relations between the U. Hughes' State Department initially ignored communications from the League, or tried to bypass it through direct communications with member nations. By , though, the U. By the time Harding took office, there were calls from foreign governments for reduction of the massive war debt owed to the United States, and the German government sought to reduce the reparations that it was required to pay.
The U. Harding sought passage of a plan proposed by Mellon to give the administration broad authority to reduce war debts in negotiation, but Congress, in , passed a more restrictive bill.
He pointed to the spot where the famous Christmas tree would be set up next month. Learn more - opens in a new window or tab. In recent weeks, polls suggest the Liberals have halted their plunge, and are slowly regaining some support. Can I view this online? For other issues perhaps you did not like a product or it did not live up to expectations , we are happy to refund all costs but require the buyer to pay the return postage cost. Less than a minute into the third round, as the Liberal MP continued to pummel his opponent, the referee halted the fight and declared Trudeau the winner. Williams, who splits his time between homes in Connecticut and New Jersey, plus an apartment in Midtown, then works on the show until airtime, writing and re-writing his scripts himself, as he did when he anchored Nightly News.
Hughes negotiated an agreement for Britain to pay off its war debt over 62 years at low interest, effectively reducing the present value of the obligations. This agreement, approved by Congress in , set a pattern for negotiations with other nations. Talks with Germany on reduction of reparations payments would result in the Dawes Plan of A pressing issue not resolved by Wilson was the question of policy towards Bolshevik Russia.
Under Harding, Commerce Secretary Hoover, with considerable experience of Russian affairs, took the lead on policy. When famine struck Russia in , Hoover had the American Relief Administration , which he had headed, negotiate with the Russians to provide aid. Soviet leaders the U.
Hoover supported trade with the Soviets, fearing U. Harding had urged disarmament and lower defense costs during the campaign, but it had not been a major issue.
He gave a speech to a joint session of Congress in April , setting out his legislative priorities. Among the few foreign policy matters he mentioned was disarmament, with the president stating that the government could not "be unmindful of the call for reduced expenditure" on defense.
Idaho Senator William Borah had proposed a conference at which the major naval powers, the U. Harding concurred, and after some diplomatic discussions, representatives of nine nations convened in Washington in November Most of the diplomats first attended Armistice Day ceremonies at Arlington National Cemetery , where Harding spoke at the entombment of the Unknown Soldier of World War I , whose identity, "took flight with his imperishable soul. We know not whence he came, only that his death marks him with the everlasting glory of an American dying for his country". Hughes, in his speech at the opening session of the conference on November 12, , made the American proposal—the U.
The naval agreement was limited to battleships and to some extent aircraft carriers, and in the end did not prevent rearmament. Nevertheless, Harding and Hughes were widely applauded in the press for their work. Congress had authorized their disposal in , but the Senate would not confirm Wilson's nominees to the Shipping Board. Harding appointed Albert Lasker as its chairman; the advertising executive undertook to run the fleet as profitably as possible until it could be sold.
Most ships proved impossible to sell at anything approaching the government's cost. Lasker recommended a large subsidy to the merchant marine to enable the sales, and Harding repeatedly urged Congress to enact it. Unpopular in the Midwest, the bill passed the House, but was defeated by a filibuster in the Senate, and most government ships were eventually scrapped.
Intervention in Latin America had been a minor campaign issue; Harding spoke against Wilson's decision to send U. Once Harding was sworn in, Hughes worked to improve relations with Latin American countries who were wary of the American use of the Monroe Doctrine to justify intervention; at the time of Harding's inauguration, the U. The troops stationed in Cuba to protect American interests were withdrawn in ; U. Both Hughes and Fall opposed recognition; Hughes instead sent a draft treaty to the Mexicans in May , which included pledges to reimburse Americans for losses in Mexico since the revolution there.
This had its effect, and by mid, Fall was less influential than he had been, lessening the resistance to recognition.
The two presidents appointed commissioners to reach a deal, and the U. When Harding took office on March 4, , the nation was in the midst of a postwar economic decline. When Harding addressed the joint session the following day, he urged the reduction of income taxes raised during the war , an increase in tariffs on agricultural goods to protect the American farmer, as well as more wide-ranging reforms, such as support for highways, aviation, and radio.