Jeffersons Monticello
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Monticello was the plantation home of Thomas Jefferson — , author of the American Declaration of Independence and third President of the United States. He designed both the plantation home — and his ideal Academical Village —28 situated eight km away in Charlottesville, in central Virginia. The Academical Village still forms the heart of the University of Virginia, and exhibits a unique U-shaped plan dominated by the Rotunda with pavilions, hotels, student rooms, and gardens arrayed in rows to its south.
The buildings are excellent and highly personalized examples of Neoclassicism, shown in their relationship to the natural setting and their blending of functionalism and symbolism. Both works have drawn international attention from the time of their construction.
- Monticello.
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His house at Monticello, with its dome, porticos supported by Doric columns, and cornices and friezes derived from classical Roman buildings, and his Academical Village, with its Rotunda modeled on the Pantheon and its ten pavilions each offering a different lesson in the classical orders and architecture as drawn from published classical models, together invoke the ideals of ancient Rome regarding freedom, nobility, self-determination, and prosperity linked to education and agricultural values.
As such they illustrate his wide diversity of interests. Criterion iv : With these buildings Thomas Jefferson made a significant contribution to Neoclassicism, the 18th-century movement that adapted the forms and details of classical architecture to contemporary buildings. Criterion vi : Monticello and the key buildings of the University of Virginia are directly and materially associated with the ideas and ideals of Thomas Jefferson. Both the University buildings and Monticello were directly inspired by principles derived from his deep knowledge of classical architecture and philosophy.
There is no buffer zone for the property. The house at Monticello is intact and unchanged beyond some mid 20th-century physical repairs, which include the insertion of steel beams to support the floors and the addition of temperature and humidity controls.
Land has been acquired, much of it placed in conservation easement, to secure views from the mountaintop. The University of Virginia continues to raise its standards for the stewardship of the Jeffersonian precinct and has instituted systematic actions to curate and maintain the buildings. The overall integrity of the many components is remarkably good, considering their constant use. The property owned by the Thomas Jefferson Foundation at Monticello is largely part of the original tract of land owned by Jefferson.
Monticello was never greatly altered after his death. Additionally, the Foundation has undertaken archaeological investigations to determine the locations of roads, gardens and other landscape features. The Jeffersonian precinct of the University has been in continuous use for its original purposes since its construction. A Jeffersonian interior was recreated in the Rotunda in the s.
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African American Museum Dallas Event creator. Events you might like:. Driven from his home by the British and heavily criticized during his last year in office, he decided to abandon politics and retire to Monticello. The death of his wife in changed his plans.
Jefferson, Monticello (article) | Khan Academy
Although he lost his wife at a young age long before residing in the White House, Thomas Jefferson never remarried. They had six children, but only two survived to adulthood. Returning to politics, he served briefly in Congress under the Articles of Confederation, where he laid the foundations for the Northwest Ordinance of that established the framework for westward expansion.
In , he went to France as a member of a trade commission. A year later, he succeeded Benjamin Franklin as minister to France. He thrived on the Enlightenment principles he encountered in France and was smitten with the new Neoclassical architecture that he saw. When Jefferson returned to America in , George Washington asked him to serve as his secretary of state.
He held that position until , when he resigned after a series of bitter disputes with Alexander Hamilton, secretary of the treasury.
Hamilton generally distrusted the common man and favored a strong federal government that would encourage the development of industry in the new nation. Jefferson, on the other hand, had an abiding faith in the ability of the people to govern themselves and saw no need for a strong central government. His vision of America was of an agrarian nation of educated small farmers. The Constitution made no provision for political parties, but the new Federalist Party soon coalesced around Hamilton and his allies.
Jefferson was at the heart of the Democratic-Republican Party. In the election of , Jefferson finished second to John Adams, the Federalist candidate.
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Under the Constitution at that time, Jefferson became vice president, although the fact that the two men were from different parties guaranteed conflict. In , Jefferson and his running mate, Aaron Burr, received the same number of electoral votes, throwing the decision into the House of Representatives, which finally chose Jefferson in February The two confused elections led in to the adoption of the 12th Amendment to the Constitution, which corrected the problems by providing for separate voting for vice president. Many Federalists feared the onset of mob rule in America after Jefferson's election in , but this first transition from one political party to another passed smoothly.
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Jefferson immediately dispatched Meriwether Lewis and William Clark to explore the new territory and to continue to the Pacific Coast. Easily re-elected in , Jefferson had to deal with the effects of the Napoleonic Wars between Britain and France.
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The Federalists tended to support the English, while the Democratic-Republicans generally leaned towards the French. In , Jefferson sought to avoid war by instituting an embargo prohibiting Americans from trading with both nations. The embargo turned out to do more damage to American traders than it did to the British and the French.
