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Bibliography Includes bibliographical references and indexes. The need and the solution: Prevention through people - the human element-- Oil spill response - "Best Response"-- Best response - the US model for oil spill response-- Best response - the international oil spill response model - OPRC Convention-- Efficient and effective response - gaps in delivery, enforcement, funding and perception-- Scientific challenges. Legislation and regulation: The safety nets-- Regulation of oil spills - control by international conventions-- US and international regulations and the courts.
Regulatory model - Australia. The marriage between science and technology: Failures of present oil spill contingency planning, response, education and training strategies-- The need for a scientifically-based decision-making tool-- Best response. The technology windows-of-opportunity oil spill response strategy: Technology windows-of-opportunity-- Examples of technology windows-of-opportunity-- Universality of application-- Required databases-- Oil spill detection and monitoring by remote sensing advanced technologies-- Integration of the databases and information into an oil spill response decision-making tool.
Sustainable shipping. However, a paradigm shift is in the works that is needed to more effectively use what has been learned in the last 30 years in both prevention and in clean up.
Oil spills are no longer considered unavoidable "accidents" of environmental conditions or functions of catastrophic events. More than 80 per cent of all spills are the result of human error. The focus of the clegal, regulatory and convention framework affecting the transportation of oil by ship reflects a change in public attitude, an insistence upon protection of the world's marine environments, particularly coastal ecosystems. This public concern seeks to address the root cause of oil spills, including human error.
The outcome of such national and international attention is the creation of significant legal and political motivators for a cultural shift by the oil shipping industry, from an "evasion" culture to a "safety culture".
Evasion or mere compliance with international and national law is no longer sufficient for future sustainable shipping. Bibliographic information. Publication date ISBN alk.
The concept of time periods of "Technology Windows-of-Opportunity" for a given response and clean up technology has developed from the leadership and wisdom of researchers and responders from many nations using modeling of the weathering of spilled oil and technology effectiveness. The Windows-of-Opportunity strategy provides a scientific basis for policy and decision-making in oil spill planning, response, and training.
A global paradigm shift is needed to more effectively utilize and expedite the application of lessons learned in both prevention and clean up. Recognition of economic, political, and legal benefits accruing from environmental protection is good for business and critical for sustainable shipping.
Chapter 2 The Need and the Solution. Chapter 4 Legislation and Regulation.
Chapter 5 Regulatory ModelAustralia. Chapter 8 Sustainable Shipping. Author Index.